商标法“不良影响”条款适用的案例探究——基于82例法院判决书的思考

Case Study on the Application of "Adverse Effect" in Trademark Law——Reflections on 82 Court Decisions

商标法历经四次修改,但对"不良影响"条款一直未做改动,这并非是立法缺陷。实践过程中,因"不良影响"的概念泛化使得判定主体倾向于将其作为兜底条款,但这种认识违背立法本意。实质而言,法院对"不良影响"的认定,应坚持与"有害于社会主义道德风尚"相并列的标准,不宜扩大影响范围。对于要素判断,应坚持标志本身或者其构成要素,不应扩大到使用行为。对于公共利益的判断,应区别特定权益人的利益,即使是侵犯相关公众利益,也可基于范围和影响等其他因素认定侵犯公共利益。

Four times has the trademark mark law been revised, yet the "adverse effect" clause remains unchanged.This is not a legislative defect. In practice, because of the generalization of the concept of "adverse effect", the judgment subject tends to regard it as a miscellaneous provision, but this understanding goes against the original intention of legislation. In essence, the court’s determination of "adverse effect" should adhere to the paralleling standard of "being harmful to socialist morality", and should not expand the scope of influence. For the judgment on elements, we should adhere to the sign itself or its constituent elements, not expand to the use behavior. For the judgment of public interest, w e should distinguish the interests of specific stakeholders. Even if it infringes the relevant public interests, it can also be determined based on other factors such as scope and impact.