重度视力损伤和盲患者居家护理及其需求的质性研究

A qualitative study of home care and nursing needs of patients with severe acuity impairment or blindness

目的:了解重度视力损伤和盲患者居家的主要护理问题及护理需求的内容,为医护人员制订居家照护支持计划提供依据。方法:采用描述性质性研究方法,于2020年4至9月对在广州市某三甲眼科专科医院的20例重度视力损伤和盲的住院患者进行面对面的半结构式访谈,采用归纳式内容分析法对访谈资料进行分析。结果:重度视力损伤和盲患者居家的主要护理问题有日常生活自理的能力缺失、外出社交活动受限和难以适应家庭角色的改变;护理需求包括希望医院提供多维度的疾病相关知识和提供多渠道的医疗咨询服务。结论:重度视力损伤和盲患者居家照护存在诸多的护理问题及需求,患者希望得到多维度相关知识和多渠道医疗咨询,医院、社区应该高度重视此类患者,同时给予相应的指导和帮助,从而提高患者的居家生活质量。

Objective:To explore the main nursing problems and demands of patients with severe visual impairment or blindness,so as to provide the basis for health staff to formulate home care support plans of high quality.Methods:By using a descriptive qualitative method,face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted among 20 patients with severe visual impairment or blindness who were hospitalized in the top-grade ophthalmic hospital in Guangzhou from April to September 2020.The inductive content analysis method was used to analyze the data.Results:The main nursing problems of these patients were the lack of self-care ability,limited social activities,and difficulty in adapting to changes in family roles.Nursing needs include the hope that hospitals can provide multidimensional disease-related knowledge and multi-channel medical consulting services.Conclusion:Patients with severe visual impairment or blindness have many problems and needs in home care.They would like to obtain multi-dimensional knowledge and receive multi-channel medical consultation.Health staff from hospitals and communities should attach great importance to these patients,as well as provide appropriate guidance and assistance,so as to improve their activities of daily living.