糖尿病性角膜病变的研究进展

Research progress of diabetic keratopathy

晚期糖尿病(diabetes mellitus,DM)患者常出现的糖尿病性视网膜病变能够被发现,而糖尿病性角膜病变(diabetic keratopathy,DK)却时常被人们忽略。近年来的许多研究表明,DK对角膜的结构、代谢、生理功能等多个方面均有重要影响。目前临床上尚无根治DK的有效疗法,现主流疗法多集中于对症治疗以维持光滑湿润的眼表,最大限度地减少视觉损失以及提高舒适度,如局部滴用人工泪液、使用角膜绷带镜及局部使用抗炎药物等,但这些现有的治疗方法对于角膜组织损伤的修复能力有限。近年来出现神经生长因子、胰岛素疗法等新兴的治疗方法,有望未来应用于临床。

The diabetic retinopathy which often occurs in patients with advanced diabetes mellitus(DM)can usually be realized,but diabetic keratopathy(DK)could sometimes be ignored.In recent years,many studies have found out that DK can cause significant abnormal changes in many ways,including structure,metabolism and physiological functions of the cornea.At present,there is no effective therapy to cure DK.The current mainstream therapy mostly focuses on symptomatic treatment to maintain a smooth and moist ocular surface,minimize visual loss and improve comfort,such as local drip of artificial tears,use of corneal bandage lens and local use of anti-inflammatory drugs.However,these existing treatment methods have limited repair ability for corneal tissue damage.In recent years,a number of new treatment methods have emerged,which are expected to be clinically used in the future,such as nerve growth factors and insulin therapy.