中美舆论战与中国的国际传播

The Public Opinion War between China and the United States and China’s International Communication

美国政府视中国为首要战略竞争对手,并进行遏制打压,激起中国的强烈反对,而舆论战是中美博弈的重要组成部分。中美两国舆论战涵盖的议题广泛,影响波及全球,并发展到意识形态对抗和互相驱逐媒体从业人员的地步。中美双方的舆论攻势和各自国家的政治制度、社会形态的特点息息相关,其阶段性效果与中美既有的国际影响力相匹配。在美国对华大打舆论战的情况下,中国在西方发达国家的形象受损,但在国内极大地凝聚了人心、提振了士气。未来,美国可能仿效针对苏联和俄罗斯的做法,将舆论战更多地和心理战、政治战相结合,以服务其遏制中国的目标。为增强自身的国际传播力,更好地服务与美国的舆论战,中国需要维护好政治安全,提高话语和叙事能力及舆论反击效果,将传统媒体和新兴媒体相融合,并将发展中国家作为国际传播的重点,以逐步形成同我国综合国力和国际地位相匹配的国际话语权。

Regarding China as the primary strategic competitor,the U.S.government has gone all out to contain and suppress China,thus provoking strong opposition from China,and making public opinion warfare an important part of the game between China and the United States.The public opinion war between China and the U.S.covers a wide range of issues and has a global impact,which has evolved to the point of ideological confrontation and mutual expulsion of media practitioners.The offensive of public opinion on both sides is closely related to the characteristics of their respective political systems and social forms,while the initial achievements match the existing international influence of China and the United States.Although the public opinion war waged by the U.S.against China has damaged China’s image in Western developed countries to some extent,it has greatly consolidated cohesion among the Chinese people and boosted morale at home.In the days to come,the U.S.is likely to do what it did to the Soviet Union and Russia on China,combining the public opinion warfare more with the psychological and political warfare against China.