京津冀地区大气主要污染物虚拟治理成本分摊研究

Virtual costs allocation of air quality governance in the Jing-Jin-Ji area in China

京津冀地区空气质量跨区域补偿机制欠缺,已成为制约该区域大气污染联防联控的短板.基于投入产出模型,核算了2017年生产者负责原则与消费者负责原则下京津冀地区大气污染虚拟治理成本,分析了空气质量补偿主体及资金规模.结果发现,京津冀地区污染物排放具有较强的区域关联关系,说明治理大气污染不只要关注本地减排,还要加强不同地区间协同减排力度.天津市基于消费者负责原则下的虚拟治理成本最高,其次是石家庄市和唐山市.2017年,北京市应该提供空气质量补偿资金27.15亿元,用于补偿天津市和河北省其他城市大气污染治理损失,其中,石家庄市获得的补偿资金最高(10.99亿元),其次为天津市(3.24亿元).在当前减排成本从生产者向消费者传导机制不健全的背景下,亟需建立空气质量跨区域补偿机制及区域协调机构,统一负责空气质量补偿资金的缴纳及分配问题.

Since lack of cross-regional air quality compensation mechanism in China,Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(Jing-Jin-Ji)area is still facing severe challenges on joint prevention and control of regional air pollution.With the Input-Output Model,this paper aims to measure the potential costs of air pollution governance under both production-and consumption-based responsibility principles around the Jing-Jin-Ji area in the year of 2017,and analyse the subject and amount of such air quality compensation.The results show that there were significant inter-regional correlations among air pollutants emissions in the Jing-Jin-Ji area,which indicates that not only domestic emission reduction should be paid more attention,but also the crossregional coordinated efforts on emission reduction should be strengthened for better governance of air quality.From the perspective of the consumptionbased responsibility principle,Tianjin accounted for the highest governance costs of emissions reduction among all the cities that are referred to this research,followed by the cities of Shijiazhuang and Tangshan.In addition,Beijing was responsible for 2.715 billion Chinese Yuan of air quality compensation in 2017.It means that such compensation will be used to pay for the costs of air quality governance in Tianjin and all the cities in Hebei province;in particular,Shijiazhuang city can claim for the highest compensation of 1.099 billion Chinese Yuan and followed with Tianjin of 0.324 billion Chinese Yuan.Hence,as the current transmission mechanism of emission reduction costs from producers to consumers is incomplete,it is urgent to establish cross-regional air quality compensation mechanism and build the coordinating agency to deal with the issues like payment and distribution of air quality compensation funds.