晚清北京“闲散旗人”职业选择研究

A Study on the Career Choice of“Idle Banner People”in Beijing in the Late Qing Dynasty

晚清时期随着清政府财政的恶化和旗人人口的增多,八旗驻防体制已经无法容纳过多的旗人就职,出现了众多的“闲散”旗人,这一群体的职业选择成为清政府较为关注的社会问题。在旗人的择业观念中,当差或者当兵本为首选,但迫于生计压力,晚清时期旗籍报人、旗籍小说家、旗人手工业者、旗商、旗籍艺人开始增多。清末新政时期,清政府大力引导旗人去新式学堂就读,到工厂做工,充当警察,旗人在职业选择方面开始趋向多元化。

In the late Qing Dynasty,with the deterioration of the Qing government's finance and the increase of the Banner People’s population,the Eight Banners garrison system could not accommodate too many Banner People to take office,and there were many“idle”Banner People.For the sake of livelihood,the career choice of this group became a social problem that the Qing government paid more attention to.In the concept of job selection,being an official or a soldier was the first choice,but due to the pressure of livelihood,the number of Banner People journalists,Banner People novelists,Banner People craftsmen,Banner People merchants and Banner People artists began to increase in the late Qing Dynasty.During the New Deal period in the late Qing Dynasty,the Qing government vigorously guided the Banner People to study in new schools,work in factories and act as police.The Banner People began to diversify their career choices.