麦玉轮作农田秸秆降解真菌的筛选与镰刀菌拮抗特性研究

Screening,identification of straw degrading fungi and their antagonistic characteristics with Fusarium

【目的】为推动还田秸秆的降解及农田植物病原真菌的防治更加受到重视。【方法】采用稀释涂平板法从长期秸秆还田土壤中分离纯化具有秸秆降解能力的真菌,对这些真菌的秸秆降解能力进行初步判断,并采用PDA平板拮抗试验探究其中4株镰刀属真菌与其他非致病真菌间的拮抗作用。【结果】共分离纯化得到64种秸秆降解真菌,来自于子囊菌门的7个科11个属,包括木霉属(Trichoderma)、青霉属(Penicillium)、毛壳属(Chaetomium)、镰刀菌属(Fusarium)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、篮状菌属(Talaromyces)、弯孢属(Curvularia)、梭孢壳属(Thielavia)、Meyerozym和枝顶孢属(Acremonium)。其中,筛选得到来自青霉属(Penicillium)的菌株最多,占筛选得到全部菌株的26.56%。【结论】木霉属(Trichoderma)真菌既可以快速降解秸秆,又对多种病原真菌有良好的抑制效果,具有作为作物病原真菌的生物防治菌种的潜力。

【Objective】In order to accelerate the degradation of returning straw and improve the control of phytopathogenic fungi in farmland.【Method】The fungus strains with straw degradation ability were isolated and purified from long-term straw returning soil by dilution plate method.The straw degradation ability of these fungi was preliminarily evaluated,and PDA plate antagonistic experiment was used to explored the antagonistic effects of four Fusarium species and other non-pathogenic fungus species.【Result】A total of 64 strains of straw degrading fungi were isolated and cultured,belonging to 11 genera,7 families in Ascomycota,including Trichoderma,Penicillium,Chaetomium,Fusarium,Aspergillus,Talaromyces,Curvularia,Thielavia,Meyerozym and Acremonium.Among them,the most strains were belonging to Penicillium,accounting about 26.56%of all screened strains.【Condusion】Trichoderma species could not only degrade straw rapidly,but also had a good inhibitory effect on multiple pathogenic fungi,which had the potential as a biocontrol strains of phytopathogenic fungi.