阜平县土壤有效态微量元素的空间变异

Spatial variability of soil available microelements in Fuping County

【目的】针对河北省阜平县土地利用现状,为优化施肥管理提供一定的理论依据,进而提高土地生产力。【方法】以阜平县土壤有效态Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn为研究对象,利用Arcgis软件、GS+软件与地统计学相结合的方法分析了这4种微量元素的空间变异性特征及影响因素。【结果】土壤有效态Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn平均含量分别为17.06、11.34、1.76、1.39 mg kg^(-1);4种微量元素含量在空间上均属于中等变异性。有效Fe在空间分布上呈现西南与东北含量高而中部较低的趋势;有效Mn的空间分布基本呈现由西北方向向东南方向递减的规律;有效Cu和有效Zn呈现岛状分布。除有效Cu含量低外,其他3种元素含量均处于较高的水平。土壤有效态Fe的最优模型选用高斯模型,土壤有效态Mn的最优模型选用球状模型,土壤有效态Cu、Zn的最优半方差模型选用线性模型。有效态Fe和Zn的空间相关性呈中等水平,有效态Mn和Cu的空间相关性很强烈。Zn和Fe决定系数在0.8左右,拟合效果比较好;Cu和Mn决定系数在0.2左右,拟合效果差。相关分析表明,除了Fe与速效钾之间正相关性较弱外,Zn,Cu,Mn与有机质,速效磷,速效钾和碱解氮之间的正相关非常显著。【结论】阜平县有效态Fe、Mn、Zn的含量较高,有效态Cu含量较低;生产过程中以开始重视微量元素肥料的施用,应适当增加含Cu素肥料的施用量,旨在提高土地生产率并使得农民增加农产品产量和收入。

【Objectives】Aiming at the current situation of land use in Fuping County,Hebei Province,this paper provides a certain theoretical basis for optimizing fertilization management,so as to improve land productivity.【Methods】Taking soil available Fe,Mn,Cu and Zn in Fuping County as the research object,the spatial variability characteristics and influencing factors of these four microelements were analyzed by using ArcGIS software,GS+software and geostatistics.【Results】The average available Fe,Mn,Cu and Zn contents in the soil are 17.06,11.34,1.76 and 1.39 mg·kg^(-1),respectively.The results show that the four microelements are spatially moderately variable.The distribution of available Fe in the southwest and northeast is higher than that in the middle.The spatial distribution of available Mn is basically decreasing from northwest to southeast.The available Cu and available Zn are island-like.Except for the low content of Cu,the contents of the other three elements are at a high level.The optimal model of soil available Fe is Gaussian model.The optimal model of soil available Mn is spherical model.The optimal semi-variance model of soil available Cu and Zn is linear model.The spatial correlation of available Fe and Zn is medium,while that of available Mn and Cu is very strong.The fitting effect is better when the determination coefficient of Zn and Fe is about 0.8,while it is poor when the determination coefficient of Cu and Mn is about 0.2.The correlation analysis showed that Cu,Zn and Mn had a significant positive correlation with organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium,except that Fe was weakly positively correlated with available potassium.【Conclusion】The content of Fe,Mn and Zn in Fuping County is higher and the content of available Cu is lower.In the production process,attention should be paid to the application of trace element fertilizers,and the application amount of Cu-containing fertilizer should be increased,so as to improve land productivity and increase farmers’output of agricultural products and income.