输电线路高风险鸟类的功能性状与生境特征

Functional traits and habitat characteristics of high-risk birds on transmission lines

鸟类活动引起的闪络跳闸是影响输电线安全运行的主要威胁之一,其时空发生特征的多样性和复杂性成为长期困扰电力系统的难题。分析输电线路高风险鸟类的性状特征与生境选择,对于电网防鸟实践具有重要意义。本研究通过调查广东省江门市的高压输电线及其周边鸟类,明确对输电线路安全构成高风险的鸟类物种,并分析其性状特征,探索性状如何影响物种栖息在输电线上的频率。结果显示,栖息与不栖息在输电线上的两类物种性状具有明显的差异,零膨胀泊松模型的结果显示,这些差异主要影响的是栖息频率(从1到多的过程)而不是是否会栖息输电线上(即从0到1的过程)。栖息频率较高的鸟种多为本地留鸟,且具有体型长、迁移能力弱、分布范围小、偏好的生境类型少等特征,如黑领椋鸟和八哥为出现频率最高的两个物种。主成分分析显示,鸟类高频率出现在输电线的区域其生境特点是灌木面积占比高、人为干扰较强、生境破碎化严重。本研究为建立有针对性的防治高风险鸟类的措施,促进输电线路与鸟类和谐共处提供科学依据。

Bird is one of the main threats causing flashover trip and affecting the safety of transmission lines. The diversity of birds and the complexity of their activities make it challenging to predict their consequences on power systems. To prevent potential threats from birds, it is important to understand the linkages between bird traits and habitats and their risks to transmission lines. In this study, we investigated birds on and around the transmission lines in Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province. We identified the bird species with high risks to the safety of transmission lines, and the associated functional traits. We found that bird species inhabiting on transmission lines had significant different traits compared with those stayed away from transmission lines. The differences in traits primarily affected the frequencies rather than the presence of birds on transmission lines, based on the results from a zero-inflated Poisson model. The high-risk bird species(occurred frequently on transmission lines) were native species with long body size, weak migration ability, small distribution range, and more habitat specificity, such as Acridotheres cristatellus and Sturnus nigricollis, the two species with the highest frequencies of occurrence on transmission lines. The principal component analysis showed that the habitat of high-risk was with high proportion of shrub, intense anthropogenic disturbance and habitat fragmentation. Our results provide fundamental knowledge useful for developing strategies to control high-risk birds on transmission lines, and to balance the control and conservation of birds in cities.