2004-2019年昆明市菜豆类食物中毒事件 流行特征及处置情况

The Epidemiological Feature and Dispose Result of Bean Poisoning from 2004 to 2019 in Kunming

目的对昆明市2004-2019年网络报告突发公共卫生事件进行分析,总结昆明市菜豆类食物中毒事件流行特征及处置情况,为今后处置菜豆类食物中毒提供参考。方法从《突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统》中导出昆明市2004-2019年食物中毒事件原始报告,选取菜豆类食物中毒结案报告,根据报告中的关键信息,分析菜豆类食物中毒事件流行特征及处置情况。结果2004-2019年昆明市共报告98起食物中毒事件,其中菜豆类食物中毒共15起(东北油豆7起,四季豆6起,其他豆类2起),占食物中毒事件总数的15.31%;菜豆类食物中毒事件报告高峰在11-12月份;食用不同种类菜豆罹患率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中食用东北油豆的发病人数最多,占总食用人数的71.30%;菜豆类食物中毒的主要临床表现为胃肠道症状,包括腹痛、腹泻、恶心等,不同豆类中毒临床表现稍有不同;事件调查处置时长在4~11 h,15起菜豆类食物中毒事件中仅有1起四季豆中毒事件采集到残留食物;所有事件均未能采集到食物原材料、呕吐物和洗胃液;所有事件均未开展豆类相关实验室检测。结论昆明市菜豆类食物中毒事件主要以食用东北油豆、四季豆为主,今后应加强相关豆类食用方法的宣传教育。另外,本地区缺乏豆类中毒实验室检测标准方法及试剂,今后应开展针对性的检测。

Objective To analyze the public health emergencies reported online in Kunming from 2004 to 2019,and summarize the epidemiological characteristics and disposal of bean food poisoning events in Kunming,so as to provide reference for the future disposal of bean food poisoning events.Methods The original report of food poisoning events in Kunming from 2004 to 2019 was derived from the"public health emergency management information system".The final report of bean food poisoning events was selected.According to the key information in the report,the epidemic characteristics and disposal of bean food poisoning events were analyzed.Results A total of 98 food poisoning events were reported in Kunming from 2004 to 2019,of which 15 were caused by beans(7 events were caused by northeast beans,6 events were caused by seasonal beans,and 2 events were caused by other beans),accounting for 15.31%of the total food poisoning events.The reporting peak of food poisoning events of beans was from November to December,there was a statistically significant difference in the incidence rate of eating different types of beans(P<0.05),and the incidence rate of eating northeast beans was the highest,accounting for 71.30%of the total number of edible beans.The main clinical manifestations of bean food poisoning were gastrointestinal symptoms,including abdominal pain,diarrhea,and nausea.The clinical manifestations of different bean poisoning were slightly different.The investigation and disposal time of the incident was 4-11 h.Only one of the 15 bean food poisoning events collected residual food.Food raw materials,vomit and gastric lavage fluid were not collected in all events;no bean-related laboratory tests were conducted in all incidents.Conclusion The bean food poisoning events in Kunming is mainly caused by eating northeast oil beans and four-season beans.In the future,the publicity and education of related bean eating methods should be strengthened.In addition,there is a lack of standard methods and reagents for laboratory detection of bean poisoning in the region,and targeted detection should be carried out in the future.