行政执法文书中的瑕疵问题研究——基于468份律师行政处罚决定书的分析

A Study on the Flaws in Law Enforcement Documents——Based on the Analysis of 468 Lawyers’Administrative Punishment Decisions

瑕疵行政是指行政主体在履行行政职责中所作出的不合法、不合理、不正确的行政行为,包含重大明显瑕疵、一般瑕疵、轻微瑕疵和明显轻微瑕疵四种类型,并对应不同的法律后果。468份律师行政处罚决定书中存在说明违法理由不充分、履行告知义务不清晰、法律依据适用不准确、决定程序表述不明确、救济途径告知不完整等情形,可归属为不同瑕疵行政类型,以明显轻微瑕疵为主。实体规定适用困难、程序价值不受重视、文书价值认知不足、文书制作能力欠缺等分别是出现上述情形的主次成因。明确行政补正的主体责任、规定行政补正的实施时间、强化行政补正的启动机制,有助于完善行政补正实施机制;修订相关法律的具体规定,制定行政处罚的裁量基准,有助于消弭引发行政补正客观因素;健全人员招录培训、明确文书制作样式、制定处罚裁量基准、强化文书释法说理,有助于消减引发行政补正主观因素。

Defective administration refers to the illegal,unreasonable and incorrect administrative actions made by the administrative entities performing administrative duties,including major obvious defects,general defects,minor defects and obvious minor defects,and corresponding to different legal consequences.There are the defects on unclear decision reasons,notification obligation,application of the legal basis,decision procedure,and remedies in the 468 lawyers’administrative punishment decisions.These defects are divided into different types,mainly obvious minor defects.Difficulties in the application of substantive regulations,neglect of the value of procedures,insufficient recognition of document value,and lack of document production capabilities are the primary and secondary causes of the five flaws.Clarifying the main responsibility of administrative corrections,stipulating the implementation time of administrative corrections,and strengthening the initiation mechanism of administrative corrections will help improve the implementation mechanism of administrative corrections.Revising the specific provisions of relevant laws and formulating the discretionary benchmarks for administrative punishments will help eliminate the objective factors that trigger administrative corrections.Improving the recruitment and training of personnel,clarifying document production styles,making standards for punishment,strengthening document interpretation will help reduce subjective factors that trigger administrative corrections.