论美国行政法中的保护意图规则——兼议其对保护规范理论引入的启示

An Analysis of the Rule of Protective Intent in American Administrative Law——Also About Its Enlightenment on the Introduction of Protected Statutory Benefits Theory in China

美国行政诉讼原告制度在自普通法样态逐步"公法化"的进程中形成了以实体法"保护意图"判定原告资格的保护意图规则,其核心逻辑同源起德国法的保护规范理论存在异曲同工之妙。作为类似法理在美国法背景下规则化的产物,保护意图规则对实体法"保护意图"的解读路径、规则构造,乃至其存在本身,和对于探讨我国有无必要排斥保护规范理论,以及构建保护规范理论的"中国法表达"等议题均极具参考意义。

During the process of becoming public law,the American plaintiff institution in administrative litigation has formed a rule that the qualification of plaintiff is determined by the“protective intent”in substantive law.Its core logic shares the essential similarities with protected statutory benefits theory,which originates from Germany.As the creation after the regularization of similar principles in American law,the rule of protective intent has significant referential value in formulating the expressions of protected statutory benefits theory in Chinese law.