从国际化转向看中国旅游学术知识生产规律与特征——基于Web of Science核心数据库的统计分析

From Internationalization Trend to Analysis of Production Rules and Characteristics of Chinese Tourism Academic Knowledge: Based on the Analysis of Web of Science Core Database

该研究构建学术知识生产-溢出价值链模型,基于双溢出渠道研究视角,分析2000—2019年中国旅游研究国际化转向中的学术知识生产规律。研究发现:(1)学术知识生产-溢出价值链中两类知识生产特征存在差异,学术期刊为主流渠道,选题重视理论,属于洪堡知识生产模式,研究主体重视合作,成果溢出效应较高;学术会议为大众渠道,选题偏向实践应用,符合后洪堡知识生产模式的特征,研究者倾向独立研究,成果数量丰富,但国际化水平有待提高,认可度较低。(2)两种类型知识生产演变规律相似,可分为3个阶段:早期(2000—2006年),数量较少,基础研究较多,但相关议题延续性强;中期(2007—2013年),数量逐渐增多,热点议题较为丰富,关联网络复杂,议题纵向延伸;近期(2014—2019年),数量增速放缓,质量层次提高,新兴议题增多,研究更具时代性、探索性。通过对比分析学术知识生产-溢出价值链中会议及期刊知识生产规律的异同,有利于国内旅游学者清晰认知国际旅游研究中的"中国特色",呼吁促进产学研"三重螺旋"合作,完善知识溢出及反馈渠道监管。研究建议中国学者扩大旅游学术知识生产视野,承担更多国际学术责任,提升知识生产质量和国际学术影响力,学术界积极推进会议评级标准及数据库建设,优化知识创新网络结构。

In this study, we constructed a value chain model of academic knowledge production and spillover, and analyzed the law of knowledge production in internationalization trends in China’s tourism research for 2000—2019. We did so from the perspective of double spillover channels. We obtained the following results.(1) There were differences between the two types of knowledge production in the value chain of academic knowledge production and spillover. Firstly, academic journals were the mainstream channel, researchers tended to undertake multiplayer cooperation, the topics tended to be related to academic research, and the research results displayed a high knowledge spillover effect. Those findings are in line with the theoretical characteristics of the Humboldt knowledge production model. Secondly, academic conferences were the mass channel;Topic selection tended toward practical application, which conforms to the social and practical characteristics of the post-Humboldt knowledge production model. Researchers tended to conduct independent research, and there were abundant findings. However, the level of internationalization needs to be improved: Such research results are less cited.(2) The development of knowledge production with the two channels was similar. That development can be divided into three stages. In the early stage(2000—2006), relevant research had the characteristics of low quantity;There was greater emphasis on basic research, and there was strong theme continuity. In the middle stage(2007—2013), the number of relevant studies showed a gradual increase;Hot issues were more abundant, linked networks were complex, and topics extended vertically. In the recent stage(2014—2019), relevant research had the characteristics of slow growth in quantity, improved quality, and more of an emphasis on emerging issues. In that latter stage,studies were more contemporary and exploratory. We compared and analyzed similarities and differences in the knowledge production rules for conferences and academic journals in the value chain for academic knowledge production and spillover. Using that approach, this study can help tourism scholars in China gain a clear understanding of the country’s characteristics in international tourism research. We hope to promote cooperation among industry, universities, and research institutes and to improve supervision of knowledge spillover and feedback channels. To enhance the quality of knowledge production and optimize the structure of knowledge innovation network, we believe that Chinese scholars should undertake more international academic responsibilities, and China’s academic community should encourage the development of conference rating standards and databases.