外资进入自由化对劳动者健康的影响——来自中国健康与营养调查的经验证据

The Impact of Foreign Investment Entry Liberalization on the Health of the Labor Force——Empirical Evidence from China Health and Nutrition Survey

本文以中国2002年外资管制放松作为准自然实验,通过匹配中国健康与营养调查数据、中国工业企业数据和城市统计年鉴,探究中国外资进入自由化对劳动力健康的影响及其内在作用机制。研究发现外资进入自由化会改善劳动者健康水平,对疾病种类、受教育水平和性别差异的异质性分析显示,外资进入自由化对发烧、喉咙痛、咳嗽有显著的改善作用,给高学历劳动者或男性劳动者带来的好处更显著。机制检验证明,外资进入自由化一方面通过增加劳动者工作时长和加剧环境污染对中国劳动者健康状况产生了负向影响,另一方面通过提高劳动者收入使健康状况得到了显著改善,且正向作用大于负向作用。本文研究有助于客观准确地评估外资进入自由化的健康效应,同时对发展中国家引资调整具有重要的政策启示。

Using the deregulation of foreign investment in China in 2002 as a quasinatural experiment,this paper examined the impact of foreign entry liberalization on Chinese labor force health by matching the data of CHNS,China Industrial Enterprise Data and China City Statistical Yearbook.The study finds that foreign entry liberalization improves the health level of labor.Further heterogeneous analysis of disease types,education levels and sex differences shows that foreign entry liberalization has a significant improvement on fever,sore throat and cough,and brings more benefits to highly educated or male labor force.Finally,the mechanism research finds that the liberalization of foreign investment mainly negatively affects the health status of China’s labor force through increasing working hours and environmental pollution,while the health status is significantly improved through the growth of income,and the positive effect is greater than the negative effect.This paper helps to objectively and accurately evaluate the health effect of foreign investment entry liberalization,and has important policy implications for the adjustment of capital investment in developing countries.