冶炼过程钢包温度场和钢水温降的研究

Study on temperature field of ladle and temperature drop of molten steel in smelting process

采用有限差分法,建立了钢包的传热物理模型和耐火材料层的温度分布模型,研究炼钢过程中钢包包衬温度场分布和钢水温降的影响。结果表明热态空包每多停留1 min,后续钢水温降增加约0.26℃;空包停留1 h后进行1 h的离线烘烤,后续出钢阶段钢水降温约12℃;永久层导热系数越小,永久层的温度梯度会越大,隔热效果会越好,工作层宜采用导热系数相对较大的镁碳砖,永久层采用低导热系数的轻质浇注料;钢包包衬侵蚀对钢包造成钢水温降值影响较小,侵蚀造成的钢水温降值波动不超过1℃;1 t的残余钢量和1 t的残余渣量会引起钢水温降6.65℃和7.23℃;钢水量增加1 t,钢水温降值降低0.03℃。

Using the finite difference method,the physical model of the heat transfer of the ladle and the temperature distribution model of the refractory material layer were established,and the influence of the temperature field distribution of the ladle lining and the temperature drop of the molten steel during the steelmaking process was studied.The results show that the temperature drop of the molten steel will increase by about 0.26℃for every additional 1 min of the hot blank.On the condition of baking off-line for 1 h after the empty blank stays for 1 h,the temperature of the molten steel will be lowered by about 12℃in the subsequent tapping stage.The smaller the thermal conductivity of the permanent layer,the greater the temperature gradient of the permanent layer,the better the thermal insulation effect.The working layer should be made of magnesia carbon bricks with relatively large thermal conductivity,and the permanent layer should be made of lightweight castables with low thermal conductivity.Ladle lining erosion has little impact on the molten steel temperature drop.The fluctuation of molten steel temperature drop caused by erosion does not exceed 1℃.1 t residual steel and 1 t residual slag will cause the molten steel temperature drop of 6.65℃and 7.23℃.The molten steel weight increases by 1 t and the steel temperature drop decreases by 0.03℃.