湘西传统民居火塘释放污染物控制策略研究——以凤凰县老洞村为例

The Control Strategy of Pollutant Release from Traditional Residential Fireplaces in Western Hu’nan: A Case Study of Laodong Village, Fenghuang County

湘西民居的火塘在取暖、做饭、照明、祭祀方面有较大作用,而调研发现柴火燃烧产生的有害气体在通风较差的传统民居中对居住者危害较大。该文以湘西凤凰老洞村为例,从平面布局、立面设计、节点结构逐级深入,分析了火塘空间特征,量化模拟了污染物浓度,并采用CFD模拟的方式探索其优化方法,研究发现迎风面增加高窗及窗地比、屋顶增加天窗、面积和改变功能布局能显著改善空气品质,背风面开口能产生穿堂风,带走有害气体,并且开口大小与进风口相等时,优化效果显著。

The fire pit of the residential houses in western Hu’nan plays an important role in heating, cooking, lighting and offering sacrifices,while the investigation found that the harmful gas produced by the burning of firewood is more harmful to the residents in the traditional residential houses with poor ventilation. Taking Xiangxi Laodong Village, Fenghuang County as an example, from the plane layout, facade design, node structure step by step, we analyze the space characteristics, quantitative simulation of the pollutant concentration, with the method of CFD simulation we explore the optimal method, the study found that windward side more than the expansion of high windows and window-floor ratio, increasing roof skylight and area and changing the function layout can significantly improve the air quality, leeward side openings can produce drafts, take harmful gas, and equal the size and the air inlet opening, optimization effect is remarkable.