良性阵发性位置性眩晕相关筛查问卷的研究进展

Research progress on the screening questionnaire related to benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

良性阵发性位置性眩晕(benign paroxysmal positional vertigo,BPPV)是一种相对于重力方向的头位变化所诱发的、以反复发作的短暂性眩晕和特征性眼球震颤为表现的外周性前庭疾病,常具有自限性,易复发,在所有年龄段人群中的终身患病率为2.4%,是外周性眩晕最常见的疾病。因该病易反复发作,其他前庭疾病也易继发或并发BPPV,导致其误诊、漏诊率较高。而详细询问病史可使70%~80%的头晕/眩晕的诊断近乎明确。本文旨在对国内外基于病史的BPPV筛查问诊内容进行综述,以期为临床医师规范化问诊、提高BPPV问诊率和诊断率提供参考依据。

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo(BPPV) is the most common peripheral vestibular disease in clinical practice, which can easily lead to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. Many guidelines have emphasized that detailed medical history and Dix-Hallpike test are sufficient to complete the diagnosis of BPPV. However, when the patient is unable or refused to undergo the displacement test due to obesity, physical weakness, cervical or lumbar dysfunction, fear of dizziness, and the displacement test does not induce nystagmus or weak nystagmus, the detailed medical history provides a supplementary basis for the diagnosis of BPPV, and compulsive posture therapy and drug treatment can be carried out accordingly. In order to standardize consultations, shorten the time for patients to visit, and help clinicians make more accurate diagnoses, many scholars at home and abroad have designed relevant screening questionnaires based on the history of BPPV, which has achieved good results.This article is summarized as follows, in order to provide ideas and references for clinical inquiry.