岩藻多糖的提取、化学改性、降血糖活性及机理研究进展

Research progress on extraction,chemical modification and hypoglycemic property and mechanism of fucoidans

岩藻多糖(fucoidans,FU)主要来源于海洋褐藻和海洋无脊椎动物,是一种复杂的硫酸化多糖。FU主要单糖组成为岩藻糖,含有大量硫酸基团,是一种多聚阴离子同型杂多糖。FU具有广泛的潜在健康功效及治疗作用,包括抗肿瘤、调节免疫、抗病毒、降血糖等。FU的化学结构及硫酸基团含量对功能活性具有重要影响,不同提取方法影响FUs的结构组成,而化学改性可以进一步提高其生物活性。因此,本文旨在概述FU的提取、化学改性方法及降血糖活性和机理,展望了FU提取、化学改性、结构及降血糖活性及其他生物活性构效关系方面未来研究方向,为今后的加工和创新利用提供理论参考。

Fucoidans derive from marine brown algae and marine invertebrates,and they are complex sulphated polysaccharides.Fucoidans contain a simple structure mainly composed of fucose units and a large number of sulfate groups and they are polyanion heteropolysaccharides.Fucoidans have a wide range of potential health effects and therapeutic effects,including anti-tumor,immune regulation,anti-virus,hypoglycemia,etc.The chemical structure and sulfate group contents of fucoidans have important effects on their functional activities.Different extraction methods affect the structural composition of fucoidans,and chemical modification can further improve their biological activities.Therefore,this paper aims to summarize the extraction and chemical modification methods,hypoglycemic activity and mechanism of fucoidans,and to predict the future prospects of the research direction of extraction,chemical modification,the structure-activity relationship between fucoidans and hypoglycemic activity and other biological activities,so as to provide theoretical reference for the processing and innovative utilization of fucoidans.