静动态范畴与名动属性的功能性互转

Functional Interconversion Between Static and Dynamic Categories and Noun-VerbAttributes

意象平面下的静动态范畴具有跨语言的共性特征。具有名动属性功能的词语都是静动态范畴的语言表征形式。汉语句法结构中静动态范畴分为句子的静动态、句法成分的静动态、词类的静动态三个层次。主语具有静态范畴的属性,是聚合性同质的类属结构;谓语具有动态范畴的属性,是组合性异质的线性结构。主语中动态范畴向静态范畴的转换通过行为转喻、事件转喻、VN结构格式塔意象的构建来实现;谓语中静态范畴向动态范畴的转换通过时体功能标记、情状功能标记、隐喻来实现。动态时间的延展性和量幅的变化是静动态范畴在句法结构中认知语义功能的表现,对主谓语中名动属性的功能性互转有相应的形式限制。

The static and dynamic categories in the image plane have universal characteristics of cross-lan‐guages.Words with the function of noun-verb attribute are linguistic presentation forms of static and dynamic scopes.Static and dynamic scopes in Chinese syntactic structures are divided into three levels:static and dynamic of sentences,syntactic components and word categories.Subject has the attribute of static scope and is a conver‐gent and homogeneous generic structure.Predicate has the attribute of dynamic scope and is a combinatorial and heterogeneous linear structure.The conversion from dynamic scope to static scope in the subject is realized through behavioral metonymy,event metonymy and the construction of the Gestalt image of VN structure,and the conversion from static scope to dynamic scope in the predicate is realized through the functional marker of tense and aspect,situational function marker and metaphor.The extension of dynamic time and the change of magnitude represent the cognitive and semantic functions of static and dynamic scopes in the syntactic structure,which have corresponding formal restrictions on the noun-verb functional conversion in the subject and predi‐cate.