饲粮中添加发酵苜蓿对母猪繁殖性能和母猪、仔猪抗氧化能力的影响

Effects of Dietary Fermented Alfalfa on Reproductive Performance of Sows and Antioxidant Capacity of Sows and Piglets

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加发酵苜蓿对母猪繁殖性能和母猪、仔猪抗氧化能力的影响。选用80头体况和预产期接近的"长×大"妊娠初产母猪,随机分为4组(对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组),分别饲喂添加0、5%、10%和15%发酵苜蓿的饲粮,每组5个重复,每个重复4头。试验从母猪妊娠开始到哺乳期结束。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组的成活率、健仔数和健仔率显著升高(P<0.05),死胎数、弱仔数和产程显著降低(P<0.05);各试验组的宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)发生率显著降低(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组母猪哺乳期平均日采食量显著升高(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ组有升高趋势(P=0.064);试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组妊娠30 d、妊娠60 d和产前背膘厚显著降低(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组的初生窝重、第7天窝重及个体重、第14天窝重及个体重和断奶个体重显著升高(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组的断奶窝重、窝平均日增重和初生个体重显著升高(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组的初生窝重均匀度显著提高(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组的断奶窝重均匀度显著提高(P<0.05)。5)与对照组相比,在母猪妊娠30 d,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著升高(P<0.05);在母猪妊娠90 d,试验Ⅱ组血清中GSH-Px活性显著升高(P<0.05),血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05);在哺乳期,试验Ⅲ组血清中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著升高(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组血清中MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05)。6)与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组仔猪血清中SOD和GSH-Px活性显著升高(P <0.05);试验Ⅲ组血清中T-AOC和SOD活性显著升高(P<0.05);各试验组血清中MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加发酵苜蓿可以增强母猪和仔猪的血清抗氧化功能,缩短母猪产程并减少IUGR仔猪数,提高仔猪均匀度,增加断奶仔猪数,对初产母猪的繁殖性能具有积极影响,且以10%的添加量较为适宜。

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary fermented alfalfa on reproductive performance of sows and antioxidant capacity of sows and piglets. Eighty Landrace×Large White pregnant primiparous sows with similar body condition and expected delivery date were randomly divided into 4 groups(control group,trial groupⅠ,trial groupⅡand trial groupⅢ)with 5 replicates in each group and 4 sows in each replicate. They were fed diets supplemented with 0,5%,10% and 15% fermented alfalfa,respectively. The experiment was from the beginning of pregnancy to the end of lactation in sows. The results showed as follows:1)compared with the control group,the survival rate,the number of piglets born healthy and the healthy piglet rate in trial groupⅡwere significantly increased(P<0.05),while the stillbirth number,the number of weak piglets and the born process time were significantly decreased(P<0.05);and the intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR)incidence rate in all trial groups was significantly decreased(P<0.05). 2)Compared with the control group,the average daily feed intake of sows in trial groupⅠduring the lactation period was significantly increased(P<0.05),and there was an increasing trend in the trial groupⅡ (P = 0.064);the backfat thickness of 30 and 60 days of pregnancy and the prenatal backfat thickness in trial groupⅡand trial groupⅢwere significantly decreased(P<0.05). 3)Compared with the control group,the litter weight at birth,the litter weight and individual body weight on day 7,the litter weight and individual body weight on day 14 and the weaning individual body weight in trial groupⅡand trial groupⅢwere significantly increased(P<0.05);the weaning litter weight,the average litter daily weight gain and the individual body weight at birth in trial groupⅡwere significantly increased(P<0.05). 4)Compared with the control group,the birth litter weight distribution in trial groupⅡwas significantly improved(P<0.05);the weaning litter weight distribution in trial groupⅡand trial groupⅢwas significantly improved(P<0.05). 5)Compared with the control group,on day 30 of gestation in sows,the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)in serum of sows in trial groupⅠand trial groupⅡwas significantly increased(P<0.05);on day 90 of gestation in sows,the GSH-Px activity in serum in trial groupⅡwas significantly increased(P<0.05),and the malondialdehyde(MDA)content in serum was significantly decreased(P<0.05);during the lactation period,the total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)in serum in trial groupⅢwas significantly increased(P<0.05),and the MDA content in serum in trial groupⅡand trial groupⅢwas significantly decreased(P<0.05). 6)Compared with the control group,the activity of SOD and GSH-Px in serum of piglets in trial groupⅡwas significantly increased(P<0.05),the T-AOC and SOD activity in serum in trial groupⅢwas significantly increased(P<0.05);and the MDA content in serum in all trial groups was significantly decreased(P<0.05). To sum up,dietary fermented alfalfa can enhance the serum antioxidant function of sows and piglets,shorten the born process time and reduce the number of IUGR piglets,improve the uniformity of piglets and increase the number of weaned piglets,which has a positive effect on the reproductive performance of primiparous sows,and the suitable supplemental level is 10%.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2022,34(2):805-817]