饲粮中添加植物精油对黄羽肉种鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质、孵化性能、生殖器官发育以及血浆和肝脏生化指标的影响

Effects of Dietary Plant Essential Oil on Laying Performance,Egg Quality,Hatching Performance,Reproductive Organ Development and Plasma and Liver Biochemical Indices of Yellow-Feathered Breeder Hens

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加植物精油对黄羽肉种鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质、孵化性能、生殖器官发育以及血浆和肝脏生化指标的影响。选择288只产蛋率和体重接近的45周龄岭南黄羽肉种母鸡,随机分为4个组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加10、20、30 mg/kg植物精油。试验期10周。结果显示:1)饲粮中添加植物精油对黄羽肉种鸡的平均日产蛋重、料蛋比、平均蛋重、产蛋率、合格蛋率均无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)对照组的蛋白高度显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),对照组的哈氏单位显著低于10和20 mg/kg植物精油组(P<0.05),对照组的蛋壳厚度显著低于20 mg/kg植物精油组(P<0.05)。3)对照组的受精蛋孵化率显著低于10 mg/kg植物精油组(P<0.05)。4)对照组的卵巢系数显著低于10和20 mg/kg植物精油组(P<0.05),对照组的输卵管重量和输卵管系数显著低于10 mg/kg植物精油组(P<0.05)。5)对照组的血浆低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著高于20 mg/kg植物精油组(P<0.05),对照组的肝脏甘油三酯含量显著高于10 mg/kg植物精油组(P<0.05)。由此可知,饲粮中添加植物精油不影响黄羽肉种鸡的产蛋性能,但能够改善蛋品质,提高受精蛋孵化率和生殖器官(输卵管和卵巢)系数,降低血浆低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量和肝脏甘油三酯含量。本试验条件下,产蛋期黄羽肉种鸡饲粮植物精油适宜添加水平为10~20 mg/kg。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary plant essential oil on laying performance,egg quality,hatching performance,reproductive organ development and plasma and liver biochemical indices of yellow-feathered breeder hens. A total of 288 forty-five-week-old Lingnan yellow-feathered breeder hens with similar laying rate and body weight were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates per group and 12 birds per replicate. Hens in the control group were fed a basal diet,and others in experimental groups were fed basal diets supplemented with 10,20 and 30 mg/kg plant essential oil,respectively. The experiment lasted for 10 weeks. The results showed as follows:1)dietary plant essential oil had no significant effects on average daily egg weight,feed to egg ratio,average egg weight,laying rate and qualified egg rate of yellow-feathered breeder hens(P>0.05). 2)The albumen height of the control group was significantly lower than that of other groups(P<0.05),the Haugh unit of the control group was significantly lower than that of10 and 20 mg/kg plant essential oil groups(P<0.05),and the eggshell thickness of the control group was significantly lower than that of 20 mg/kg plant essential oil group(P<0.05). 3)The hatchability of fertilized eggs of the control group was significantly lower than that of 10 mg/kg plant essential oil group(P<0.05). 4)The ovarian coefficient the control group was significantly lower than that of 10 and 20 mg/kg plant essential oil groups(P<0.05),and the weight of oviduct and oviduct coefficient of the control group were significantly lower than those of 10 mg/kg plant essential oil group(P<0.05). 5)The plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol content of the control group was significantly lower than that of 20 mg/kg plant essential oil group(P<0.05),and the liver triglyceride content of the control group was significantly lower than that of 10 mg/kg plant essential oil group(P<0.05). In conclusion,dietary plant essential oil do not affect the laying performance of yellow-feathered breeder hens,but can improve the egg quality,improve the hatchability of fertilized eggs and reproductive organ(oviduct and ovary)coefficient,reduce the plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol content and liver triglyceride content. Under this experimental condition,the dietary optimal supplemental level of plant essential oil for yellow-feathered breeder hens during laying period is 10 to 20 mg/kg.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2022,34(2):888-896]