解淀粉芽孢杆菌对奶牛泌乳性能、乳成分及血清生化、免疫和抗氧化指标的影响

Effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on Lactation Performance,Milk Composition and Serum Biochemical,Immune and Antioxidant Indexes of Dairy Cows

本试验旨在研究解淀粉芽孢杆菌对奶牛泌乳性能、乳成分及血清生化、免疫和抗氧化指标的影响。选用30头胎次、初始体重、产奶量、泌乳天数相近的中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为3组,每组10头。3组奶牛分别补饲0(对照组)、5×10^(9)、5×10^(10) CFU/d解淀粉芽孢杆菌。采用全混合日粮(TMR)饲喂,预试期10 d,正试期42 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,1)补饲5×10^(9)和5×10^(10) CFU/d解淀粉芽孢杆菌均可显著提高牛乳的乳蛋白率(P<0.05);2)补饲5×10^(9) CFU/d解淀粉芽孢杆菌可显著提高奶牛血清中总蛋白、尿酸的含量和谷丙转氨酶的活性(P<0.05),补饲5×10^(10) CFU/d解淀粉芽孢杆菌显著降低了奶牛血清中尿素氮的含量(P<0.05);3)补饲5×10^(9) CFU/d解淀粉芽孢杆菌显著提高了奶牛血清中免疫球蛋白A、免疫球蛋白M、γ-干扰素的含量(P<0.05),补饲5×10^(10) CFU/d解淀粉芽孢杆菌显著降低了奶牛血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α的含量(P<0.05);4)补饲5×10^(10) CFU/d解淀粉芽孢杆菌可显著提高奶牛血清中过氧化氢酶的活性(P<0.05),补饲5×10^(9)、5×10^(10) CFU/d解淀粉芽孢杆菌均可显著提高奶牛血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性(P<0.05)。综上所述,奶牛补饲解淀粉芽孢杆菌可以提高牛奶乳的乳蛋白率,增强机体的免疫能力和抗氧化能力。

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on lactation per⁃formance,milk composition and serum biochemical,immune and antioxidant indexes of dairy cows.Thirty Chinese Holstein cows with similar parity,initial body weight,milk yield and lactation days were randomly di⁃vided into 3 groups with 10 cows in each group.Dairy cows in the 3 groups were fed total mixed ration(TMR)and supplemented with 0(control group),5×10^(9) and 5×10^(10) CFU/d Bacillus amyloliquefaciens,re⁃spectively.The pre⁃test period was 10 days and the trial period was 42 days.The results showed as follows:compared with the control group,1)supplementary feeding 5×10^(9) and 5×10^(10) CFU/d Bacillus amyloliquefa⁃ciens could significantly increase the milk protein rate(P<0.05);2)supplementary feeding 5×10^(9) CFU/d Ba⁃cillus amyloliquefaciens could significantly increase the contents of total protein and uric acid and the activity of alanine aminotransferase in serum(P<0.05),supplementary feeding 5×10^(10) CFU/d Bacillus amyloliquefaciens could significantly reduce the content of urea nitrogen in serum(P<0.05);3)supplementary feeding 5×10^(9) CFU/d Bacillus amyloliquefaciens significantly increased the content immunoglobulin A,immunoglobulin M and interferon⁃γin serum of dairy cows(P<0.05),supplementary feeding 5×10^(10) CFU/d Bacillus amyloliquefaciens significantly reduced the content of tumor necrosis factor⁃αin serum of dairy cows(P<0.05);4)supplementary feeding 5×10^(10) CFU/d Bacillus amyloliquefaciens could significantly improve the catalase activity in serum of dairy cows(P<0.05),supplementary feeding 5×10^(9) and 5×10^(10) CFU/d Bacillus amyloliquefaciens could significantly increase the activity of glutathione peroxidase in serum of dairy cows(P<0.05).In conclusion,supplementary feeding Bacillus amyloliquefaciens can improve the milk protein rate of dairy cows,and enhance the immune and antioxidant capacity of dairy cows.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nu⁃trition,2022,34(2):979⁃988]