白头翁皂苷B4对哺乳期犊牛生长性能和血清指标的影响

Effects of Anemoside B4 on Growth Performance and Serum Indices of Sucking Calves

本试验旨在研究白头翁皂苷B4对哺乳期犊牛生长性能和血清指标的影响。选取60头新生荷斯坦公犊牛,随机分为4组(每组15头),分别饲喂在代乳粉中添加0(C组)、15(A1组)、30(A2组)和45 mg/d(A3组)白头翁皂苷B4的饲粮。试验期56 d,其中预试期14 d,正试期42 d。每2周空腹称重、测量体尺,每日记录采食量和粪便评分,测定犊牛28和56日龄血清激素水平、抗氧化和免疫指标。结果表明:1)饲粮添加白头翁皂苷B4对哺乳期犊牛体重和平均日采食量均无显著影响(P>0.05),A3组犊牛14~28日龄平均日增重显著高于C组(P<0.05),A2和A3组犊牛14~28日龄料重比显著低于C组(P<0.05)。2)饲粮添加白头翁皂苷B4对哺乳期犊牛体高、体斜长、腰角宽和胸围均无显著影响(P>0.05)。3)与C组相比,A1、A2和A3组犊牛7~42日龄粪便评分和腹泻率显著降低(P<0.05)。4)28日龄时,A1、A2和A3组犊牛血清生长激素(GH)和白细胞介素-10含量以及血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于C组(P<0.05),血清丙二醛(MDA)、白细胞介素-8和肿瘤坏死因子-α含量显著低于C组(P<0.05);A2和A3组犊牛血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性以及血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)和免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量显著高于C组(P<0.05),血清白细胞介素-6(IL⁃6)含量显著低于C组(P<0.05);A3组犊牛血清胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF⁃Ⅰ)含量显著高于C、A1和A2组(P<0.05),血清IgG和IgM含量显著高于A1组(P<0.05)。56日龄时,各组犊牛血清GH、IgG和IgA含量之间差异不显著(P>0.05);A3组犊牛血清IGF⁃Ⅰ含量和SOD活性有显著高于C组的趋势(0.05<P<0.10),血清MDA含量有显著低于C组的趋势(0.05<P<0.10);A3组血清CAT活性显著高于C组(P<0.05);C组和A3组血清IgM含量显著高于A1组(P<0.05);A1、A2组血清IL⁃6含量有显著高于A3组的趋势(0.05<P<0.10),与C组差异不显著(P>0.05);A3组血清IGF⁃Ⅰ含量有显著高于C组的趋势(0.05<P<0.01)。综上所述,在哺乳期犊牛代乳粉中添加白头翁皂苷B4可以有效促进机体的生长发育,增强犊牛的抗氧化和免疫能力,降低腹泻率,且添加量为45 mg/d时效果较佳。

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of anemoside B4 on growth perform⁃ance and serum indices of sucking calves.In this experiment,sixty newborn Holstein male calves were random⁃ly divided into 4 groups(15 calves in each group)and fed diets supplemented with 0(group C),15(group A1),30(group A2)and 45(group A3)mg/d anemoside B4 in the milk replacer,respectively.The experi⁃ment lasted for 56 days,including 14 days of pre⁃experiment and 42 days of formal experiment.The body weight and size were taken every 2 weeks on an empty stomach,the feed intake and fecal score were recorded every day,and the serum hormone levels,antioxidant and immune indices of calves at 28 and 56 days of age were measured.The results showed as follows:1)dietary anemoside B4 had no significant effects on the body weight and average daily feed intake of sucking calves(P>0.05),the average daily gain of calves in group A3 was significantly higher than that in group C from 14 to 28 days of age(P<0.05),and the feed to gain ratio of calves in groups A2 and A3 was significantly lower than that in group C from 14 to 28 days of age(P<0.05).2)Dietary anemoside B4 had no significant effects on the wither height,body steep length,hip width and heart girth of sucking calves(P>0.05).3)Compared with group C,the fecal score and diarrhea rate of calves in groups A1,A2 and A3 were significantly decreased from 7 to 42 days of age(P<0.05).4)At 28 days of age,the contents of growth hormone(GH)and interleukin⁃10 in serum and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)in serum of calves in groups A1,A2 and A3 were significantly higher than those in group C(P<0.05),and the contents of malondialdehyde(MDA),interleukin⁃8 and tumor nec⁃rosis factor⁃αin serum were significantly lower than those in group C(P<0.05);the glutathione peroxidase activity and contents of immunoglobulin G(IgG),immunoglobulin A(IgA)and immunoglobulin M(IgM)in serum of calves in groups A2 and A3 were significantly higher than those in group C(P<0.05),and the in⁃terleukin⁃6(IL⁃6)content in serum was significantly lower than that in group C(P<0.05);the insulin⁃like growth factorⅠ(IGF⁃Ⅰ)content in serum of calves in group A3 was significantly higher than that in groups C,A1 and A2(P<0.05),and the contents of IgG and IgM in serum were significantly higher than that in group A1(P<0.05).At 56 days of age,there were no significant differences in serum GH,IgG and IgA con⁃tents among all groups(P>0.05);the IGF⁃Ⅰcontent and SOD activity in serum of calves in group A3 tended to be significantly higher than those in group C(0.05<P<0.10),and the serum MDA content tended to be sig⁃nificantly lower than that in group C(0.05<P<0.10);the serum CAT activity in group A3was significantly higher than that in group C(P<0.05);the serum IgM content in groups C and A3 was significantly higher than that in group A1(P<0.05);the serum IL⁃6 content in groups A1 and A2 tended to be significantly higher than that in group A3(0.05<P<0.10),but had no significant difference compared with group C(P>0.05);the serum IGF⁃Ⅰcontent in group A3 tended to be significantly higher than that in group C(0.05<P<0.01).In conclusion,the supplementation of anemoside B4 in the milk replacer can effectively promote the growth and development of the body,enhance the antioxidant and immune capacity of calves,and reduce the diarrhea rate,and the effect is better when the supplemental level is 45 mg/d.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2022,34(2):1098⁃1108]