氮化硼作为催化剂载体的功能化改性及其应用进展

Functional modification and application progress of boron nitride as catalyst support

六方氮化硼(h-BN)具有良好的高温稳定性和抗酸碱腐蚀性,与多种半导体、金属等纳米材料复合可形成性能优良的新材料。但受禁带较宽和化学惰性所限,影响了h-BN在催化材料领域的广泛应用。对h-BN进行功能化,是开发h-BN材料新特性和扩大其应用领域的重要途径。概述了h-BN在物理层面和化学层面的功能化制备方法,重点分析了对h-BN表面及边缘进行羟基化、氨基化,以及通过与金属复合、构建异质结、掺杂非金属元素等改性手段,制得的不同形貌h-BN功能纳米材料的新性能,介绍了h-BN功能化纳米材料在提高催化及光催化性能方面取得的进展,包括纳米贵金属/h-BN复合材料催化氧化还原反应、h-BN/半导体复合构建异质结光催化降解有机污染物及光解水产氢、杂原子掺杂h-BN催化氧化还原反应等,展望了功能化h-BN纳米材料的应用前景,提出可在以下几方面对h-BN的功能化技术进行深入研究:1)结合多孔h-BN的结构特性,制备经济有效的金属/h-BN复合催化剂;2)利用h-BN边缘的—OH和—NH;活泼基团,诱导杂原子替代h-BN中的B元素或N元素,制备高效h-BN基催化剂;3)结合先进的分析技术,设计开发具有精确性能导向的功能化h-BN纳米材料。

Hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN) has good high temperature stability and resistance to acid and alkali corrosion.It can form new materials with excellent properties by compounding with a variety of semiconductors, metals and other nanomaterials.However, the wide band gap and chemical inertia limit the wide application of h-BN in catalytic materials.Functionalization of h-BN is an important way to develop new properties of h-BN materials and expand their application fields.The preparation methods of h-BN functionalization at physical and chemical levels were summarized.The new properties of h-BN functional nanomaterials with different morphologies were analyzed by hydroxylation and amination on the surface and edge of h-BN,compounding with metals, constructing heterojunctions, doping non-metal elements and other modification methods.Advances in catalytic and photocatalytic performance of h-BN functionalized nanomaterials were reviewed, including catalytic redox reaction of noble nano-metal/h-BN composites, photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants by h-BN/semiconductor heterojunction and photodecomposition of aquatic hydrogen, catalytic redox reaction by hetero-atom doped h-BN,etc.The application prospect of functionalized h-BN nanomaterials was prospected.It was proposed that the functionalization technology of h-BN can be deeply studied in the following aspects: 1) prepare an economical and effective metal/h-BN composite catalyst combining with the porous structure propertiesof porous h-BN;2) prepare a high-performance h-BN based catalyst via substitution of B or N elements in h-BN with heteroatoms due tothe induction of-OH and-NH;active groups at the edge of h-BN;3) design and develop the exact property-oriented functionalized h-BN materialsby combining cutting-edge analytical technology.