12周简化五步拳练习对11~13岁中度智力障碍学生平衡能力的影响

Effect of 12-week simplified five-step boxing exercise on balance ability of 11~13-year-old students with moderate intellectual disabilities

目的:探讨12周简化五步拳练习对11~13岁中度智力障碍学生平衡能力的影响。方法:采用实验法,选取福州某特殊教育学校中度智力障碍学生23名。实验为期12周,每周3次,每次35min。实验采用单因素组间实验设计,自变量为干预方式,包括简化五步拳练习课程(n=11)和校常规运动保健课程(n=12)两个水平。因变量为改进版火烈鸟平衡测试时间、“起-行”时间测试时间和Berg平衡量表得分。结果:实验组在实验后,静态平衡中睁眼左脚站立、睁眼右脚站立、闭眼左脚站立、闭眼右脚站立、闭眼站立指令、双足并拢站立指令、双足前后站指令、单脚站立指令有明显改善(P<0.05);实验组在动态平衡中“起-行”时间测试、床-椅转移指令、上肢前伸指令、从地上拾物指令、转身向后看指令、转身一周指令、双足交替指令中有明显改善(P<0.05);Berg平衡量表中静态平衡得分、动态平衡得分及总分均有显著差异,简化五步拳组显著优于校常规运动保健组。另外,实验结束后间隔8周,再次对实验组的学生进行调查,发现实验结束后1周与实验结束后9周的改进版火烈鸟平衡测试、“起-行”时间测试及Berg平衡量表得分均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:12周简化五步拳练习可以显著提升中度智力障碍学生的平衡能力,效果具有一定的跨时间稳定性,简化版五步拳练习在特殊学校中兼备适配性和可推广价值。

Objective:To explore the effect of 12-week simplified five-step boxing exercise on the balance ability of 11~13-year-old students with moderate intellectual disabilities.Methods:Using the experimental method,23 students with adapted physical activity were selected from a special education school in Fuzhou.The experiment lasted for 12 weeks,3 times a week,35 min each time.The experiment adopts single-factor inter-group experimental design,and the independent variable is intervention,including two levels:simplified five-step boxing exercise course(n=11)and school routine exercise health care course(n=12).The dependent variables were the modified Flamingo Balance Test,time up and go test and the score of Berg Balance Scale.Results:After the experiment in the experimental group,in static balance,instructions for standing on left foot with eyes open,on right foot with eyes open,on left foot with eyes closed,on right foot with eyes closed,standing on both feet with eyes closed,instructions for standing with feet together,standing back and forth with both feet,standing on one foot were significantly improved(P<0.05);for the experimental group in dynamic balance,the time up and go test,the bed-chair transfer instruction,the upper limb extension instruction,the instruction to pick up objects from the ground,the instruction to turn 360°and look back,360°turn and bipedal alternation instruction,there was a significant improvement(P<0.05);the static balance score,dynamic balance score and total score in Berg Balance Scale were significantly different.The simplified five-step boxing group was significantly better than the school routine sports health group.In addition,8 weeks after the end of the experiment,the students in the experimental group were surveyed again.It was found that there was no significant difference between the improved version of the modified Flamingo Balance,time up and go test and Berg Balance Scale scores 1 week after the end of the experiment and 9 weeks after the end of the experiment(P>0.05).Conclusion:The 12-week simplified five-step boxing practice can significantly improve the balance ability of students with adapted physical activity,and the effect has certain cross-time stability,and the simplified version of five-step boxing practice has both adaptability and popularizing value in special schools.