锦州市所辖区域大学生饮食行为调查分析

Investigation and Analysis of College Students Dietary Behavior

目的调查分析锦州市所辖区域大学生的饮食行为及其影响因素,为实施大学生营养教育及合理化膳食提供理论依据和数据支撑。方法采取分层随机抽样法,选取辽宁省锦州市所辖区域三所高校1050名大学生,实施饮食行为的网络问卷调查。结果不同性别群体的饮食行为习惯及健康信念均存在较大差异。女生整体健康素养优于男生,但饮食行为习惯的个体间差异较小,总体表现不佳。男生群体健康信念较差,饮食态度消极,个体间饮食行为得分较为分散,存在一定差异性。医学类学生的健康素养和正确饮食行为的检出率都高于非医学类学生,饮食行为得分较集中且高于非医学类学生。结论大学生不良饮食行为较为普遍,多数大学生缺乏营养学的知识素养,性别和专业是大学生饮食行为的重要影响因素。研究提示应加强大学生健康饮食教育和合理膳食知识的普及,非医学类院校在提升学生专业能力之余要更为注重营养宣教的重要性。营养教育应贴近不同群体的特征,并结合不同性别、不同专业学生的饮食态度及营养意识,开展相关健康教育课程或讲座。学校还应根据大学生身体发育特点,提供营养套餐,并针对大学生不良饮食行为制定教育监管内容,引导学生从合理膳食、健康信念形成等层面注重自身的健康管理。

Objective To investigate and analyze college students dietary behavior and its influencing factors,so as to provide theoretical basis and data support for the implementation of College Students nutritional education and dietary rationalization.Methods 1,050 college students from three universities in Jinzhou,a city in Liaoning Province,were selected by stratified random sampling to conduct an online questionnaire survey on dietary behavior.Results There were significant differences in eating habits and health beliefs among different sex groups.The overall health literacy of girls is better than that of boys,but the individual differences of eating habits are small,and the overall performance is not good.The group health belief of male students is poor,their eating attitude is negative,and their eating behavior scores are scattered among individuals.The detection rate of health literacy and correct eating behavior of medical students is higher than that of non-medical students,and the score of eating behavior is more concentrated and higher than that of non-medical students.Conclusion Unhealthy eating behavior of college students is common.Most college students lack nutritional knowledge.Gender and major are important influencing factors of College Students eating behavior.The research suggests that we should strengthen the popularization of healthy diet education and reasonable diet knowledge among college students,and non-medical colleges should pay more attention to the importance of nutrition education while improving students professional ability.Nutrition education should be close to the characteristics of different groups,and carry out corresponding educational courses or lectures in combination with the dietary attitude and nutritional awareness of students of different genders and majors.The school should also provide nutritional packages according to the physical development characteristics of college students,formulate educational supervision contents for college students bad eating behavior,and guide students to pay attention to their own health management from the aspects of reasonable diet and health belief formation.