从“重点”到“一流”:历史制度主义视角下我国学科建设制度的变迁逻辑

From"key"to"first-class":the logic of the reform of the discipline construction system in China from the perspective of historical institutionalism

我国学科建设制度从“重点”转向“一流”标志着由政府选择性重点学科建设向高校竞争性一流学科建设的范式转变。学科建设制度的演变经历了激进式制度变革、渐进式制度变革和断裂性制度变革三个阶段。从历史制度主义视角看,学科建设制度的形成与变革受经济体制、高等教育管理体制以及学科建设价值取向的深层结构影响;由于传统的制度惯性和组织行为惯习,学科建设制度呈现出较为明显的路径依赖特征;学科建设制度变革的根本动力在于多元主体博弈、政策学习机制以及外部示范效应。实践中,我国学科建设制度改革的关键在于重塑多元主体关系,健全学科动态调整机制,完善学科评估制度,以推动形成一流学科建设治理新格局。

The transformation of the discipline construction system in China from"key"to"first-class"marks the paradigm shift from key discipline construction through the government selection to first-class discipline construction through the university competition.The evolution of the discipline construction system passes through three stages:the radical,the progressive,and the fractured institutional change.From the perspective of historical institutionalism,the formation and reform of the discipline construction system are influenced by deep structure factors,such as the economic system,the higher education management system and the value orientation of discipline construction.The discipline construction system shows obvious characteristics of path dependence because of traditional institutional inertia and organizational behavior habitus.The fundamental impetus of the reform of the discipline construction system comes from the game of multiple subjects,policy learning mechanism and external demonstration effect.In practice,the key to the reform of the discipline construction system in China is to reshape the relationship between multiple subjects,perfect the discipline dynamic adjustment mechanism,and improve the discipline assessment system,so as to promote the formation of a new governance pattern of first-class discipline construction.