侵害英雄烈士名誉、荣誉罪中“英雄烈士”的语义判断

The Semantic Judgment of“Heroes and Martyrs”in the Crime of Infringing on the Reputation and Honor of Heroes and Martyrs

侵害英雄烈士名誉、荣誉罪中“英雄烈士”的语义理解存在争议。社会公共利益应作为“英雄烈士”刑法语义判断的基点。“英雄烈士”的刑法语义需经过两次判断方可认定。首次判断的重点在于通过分析前置法中“英雄烈士”的具体内涵,明确前置法的共同规范态度,使刑法与其保持一致。第二次判断的重点在于分析“英雄”是否包括在世英雄。将在世英雄纳入解释范畴符合维护社会公共利益的秩序目标。“英雄烈士”的刑法语义不仅从属于英雄烈士保护法,还应从属于其他前置法。在法律适用方面,侵害英雄烈士名誉、荣誉罪要比侮辱罪、诽谤罪在法益保护与罪数处理上更具合理性。

There is a dispute on how to semantically understand“heroes and martyrs”in the crime infringing on the reputation and honor of heroes and martyrs.Social public interest should be the basic point for the semantic judgment of“heroes and martyrs”in the criminal law.The criminal definition of“heroes and martyrs”is only confirmed after two judgments.The focus of the first judgment is to identify the common normative attitude of the prepositional law through analyzing the specific connotation of“heroes and martyrs”in the prepositional law,in order to make the criminal law consistent with it.The second judgment focuses on whether“heroes”include those alive.It is in line with the goal of maintaining the order of the public interest to bring the living heroes into interpretation.The criminal definition of“heroes and martyrs”is not only subordinate to the Law on the Protection of Heroes and Martyrs,but also subordinate to other prepositional laws.In legal application,compared with the crime of insult and the crime of defamation,it is more rational to apply the crime of infringing on the reputation and honor of heroes and martyrs concerning the protection of legal interests and the decision of the quantity of crime.