语言社情问题研究:概念、特点和维度

A Study on Language Social Situations:Concept,Feature,and Dimension

语言社情有广义和狭义、积极和消极、语言内部和语言外部的不同区别。广义语言社情同于语情;狭义语言社情,专指与语言生态环境安全相关的语言社会情况。狭义语言社情涉及国家的政治、法律和意识形态,既包括有利于语言安全、文化安全和社会稳定的方面,也包括可能导致语言冲突爆发或危害国家安全的方面。狭义语言社情反映语言使用者的语言情感、文化倾向、语言意识、语言利益诉求、语言和谐与竞争动态端倪。语言社情产生于不同的语言观和语言意识形态,具有隐蔽性、长期性、持续性等特点。语言社情和语言冲突爆发之间存在着密切的因果关系,语言冲突爆发前常有语言社情存在和发酵。研究语言社情可以从语言接触、语码选择、语言使用、语言内部变化、语言学习动机、家庭语言政策等不同维度观察。语言社情是社会语言学研究的新问题和新领域。

Language social situation can be defined in a broad or a narrow sense and categorized as positive or negative situations,differing in intralingual and extralingual situations. In the broad sense,language social situation is similar to language situation;in the narrow sense,language social situation refers to those aspects related to the environmental security of linguistic ecology,concerning national politics,law,and ideology;it covers aspects beneficial to language security,cultural security,and social stability,as well as aspects that may lead to the outbreak of language conflict or jeopardize national security. Language social situation in the narrow sense reflects language user’s language emotion,cultural inclination,language awareness,linguistic interest and demand,and indications of language harmony and contention. Language social situation arises from different linguistic views and linguistic ideologies. It is elusive,long-lasting,and persistent. Prior to the outbreak of language conflicts,there often exist certain language social situations fermenting. There is a close causality between language social situation and the outbreak of language conflict. Different from language situation,language social situation is an important aspect of it. The study of language social situation can done from a variety of dimensions including language contact,code selection,use of language,internal change of language,language learning motivation,and family language policy. Linguistic social situation is a new problem and field in sociolinguistics.