10km以上跨海高程传递中测角精度的影响因素

The Influencing Factors on the Accuracy of Angle Measurement During Long-distance(Over 10 km) Cross-sea Elevation Transmission

针对精密三角高程测量法在10km以上的长距离角度观测时稳定性和可靠性不高的问题,本文分别分析了观测照准、潮汐变化、大气折光及天气变化等因素对测角误差的影响。研究结果表明:仪器望远镜的观测精度限制、涨潮落潮时的变化、大风环境与冷暖空气交替的天气状况,以及海面复杂环境导致的大气折光差等因素,是影响测角精度的主要原因。通过合理的场地布设、选择合适的观测环境、训练测量人员的观测稳定性、采用高精度的仪器设备,以及配合自动化处理软件等措施,能减少测角误差的影响。本文可作为10km以上长距离跨海高程传递在实际工程应用中的参考。

To improve the low stability and reliability of the precise trigonometric elevation survey during observation at long-distance(over 10 km) angles, the factors that influence the angle measurement errors are studied, such as the observation alignment, tidal changes,atmospheric refraction, weather changes, and etc. The accuracy of angle measurement is found to be mainly affected by factors including the observation accuracy limits of the telescope instrument, the change of the high tide and low tide, the weather condition of the wind environment and the alternating warm and cold air, and the atmospheric refraction difference due to the complicated sea environment. The angle measurement errors can be reduced by reasonable site layout, appropriate selection of observation environment, surveyor training for observation stability, high-precision instrument and automatic processing software. The results could be applied as a practical reference for the engineering application of long-distance(over 10 km) cross-sea elevation transmission.