黄河三角洲地区史前生业模式探讨

Discussion on Prehistoric Subsistence Mode in the Yellow River Delta

黄河三角洲是史前海岱地区最早进入农业社会的地区,新石器时代黄河三角洲先民获取食物的方式主要有农作物种植、采集、家畜饲养、渔猎等。自后李文化至北辛文化时期,采集、渔猎经济一直占有重要地位。至大汶口、龙山文化时期,以粟为主的旱作农业和以猪为主的家畜饲养业在生业方式中的重要地位才真正确立起来,采集、渔猎退居次要地位。这种生业模式是受史前黄河三角洲资源丰富但承载力有限的自然环境决定的,这种状况也使得史前时期黄河三角洲地区人地矛盾非常突出,城和文字等因之产生,催生了海岱地区最早的文明。

The Yellow River Delta was the earliest area in prehistoric Haidai area to enter the agricultural society. The ancestors of the Yellow River Delta in the Neolithic Age mainly obtained food by means of crop planting, collection, livestock breeding, fishing and hunting, etc. From the period of Houli culture to the Beixin culture, the collection, fishing and hunting had always played an important role. During the Dawenkou culture and Longshan culture period, the important position of dry farming dominated by millet and livestock breeding dominated by pigs in the mode of production was actually established,and the collection, fishing and hunting were relegated to a secondary position. This subsistence mode was determined by the natural environment of the prehistoric Yellow River Delta with rich resources but limited carrying capacity. This situation also made the contradiction between man and land very prominent in the prehistoric Yellow River Delta, resulting in the emergence of cities and characters, which gave birth to the earliest civilization in Haidai area.