试论唐代安西的屯田

Discussion on Tuntian in Anxi Region in the Tang Dynasty

安西地区的屯田是唐代西域屯田的重要组成部分,始于唐军破龟兹的公元648年或稍后,终于安西陷于吐蕃的公元801年,前后历时约一个半世纪,主要分布于库车、新和、沙雅和轮台四县境内。唐代安西地区的屯田,成效显著,产粮能满足安西驻军之需,达到了唐设屯田"供糗粮""省馈运"之目的,为国家节省了军费支出、减轻了财政负担。屯田活动的开展还直接或间接地提高了安西地区生产力水平、促进了安西的水利开发、扩大了安西农业开发面积、巩固了李唐中央朝廷在安西的统治地位。

The Tuntian(the garrison reclamation) in Anxi region was an important part of the Tuntian in western regions in Tang Dynasty, and it began in 648 AD when the Tang army defeated Qiuci or later, and ended in 801 AD when Anxi was captured. The history of the Tuntian lasted for about a century and a half, which was mainly distributed in the four counties containing Kucha, Xinhe, Shaya, and Luntai. In the Tang Dynasty, the cultivation of Tuntian in the Anxi region was highly effective in producing grains to meet the needs of the Anxi garrison, and achieving the purpose of "providing grain food" and "saving transporting", which reduced military expenditure and financial burden for the country. The development of Tuntian directly or indirectly improved the productivity level, promoted the development of water conservancy and expanded the area of agricultural development in Anxi region. It also consolidated the dominant position of the central government of Tang Dynasty in the Anxi region.