竺可桢的农业科学观及其实践

Zhu Kezhen’s Scientific View on Agriculture and Its Practice

受晚清重农政策的影响,竺可桢赴美留学的初衷是学习农业,但由于中美农业差异巨大,他毕业后改选与农业相近的气象学为研究方向。回国以后,他又致力于气象学在中国的本土化,在实际运用中涉及大量气象学与农业的学科交叉。新中国成立后,竺可桢主要负责农业相关科学研究,并设立以农业发展为主要任务的地理研究所,其组织领导的综合考察队为农业增产作出大巨大贡献。通过梳理竺可桢在农业科技实践方面的史料,可以看出竺可桢从年轻时对具体农业科学知识的追求,一直持续到老年时作为国家科学机构领导者对农业兴国政策的重视及执行,他对农业科技的认识与实践在整个人生中持续不断地深化,诠释了农业在其科学观中所处的地位与作用。

Influenced by the policy of emphasizing agriculture in the late Qing Dynasty, Zhu Kezhen went to the United States to study agriculture. However, because of the great difference between Chinese and American agriculture, he chose to study meteorology, which is similar to agriculture. After his return to China, he devoted himself to the localization of meteorology in China, involving a large number of disciplines of meteorology and agriculture in the practical application. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, Zhu Kezhen was mainly responsible for agriculture-related scientific researches,and established the Institute of Geography with agricultural development as its main task. Through analyzing the historical materials of Zhu Kezhen’s practice in agricultural science and technology, it concludes that Zhu Kezhen’s pursuit of specific agricultural science knowledge from his youth continued to the old age when he was a leader of a national scientific institution and carried out the policy of rejuvenating the nation through agriculture. Zhu Kezhen’s understanding and practice of agricultural science and technology continuously deepened throughout his life, and explained the position and role of agriculture in his view of science and technology.