新中国成立后水资源利用的生态与社会机制探析——以南运河为例

Analysis on the Ecological and Social Mechanism of Water Resources Utilization After 1949: Taking the South Canal As an Example

南运河是京杭大运河的重要组成部分,内河漕运停止以后,它依然在区域物质交流方面发挥着重要的作用。20世纪70年代末,大运河其他河段依然可以通航,南运河却因水源不足而断航。南运河航运衰落的因素很多,表面上是生态环境的恶化所导致的河道干涸,其实是新中国成立后人们过度开发南运河流域地区水资源,打破了流域内水环境的平衡,水环境的变迁直接导致南运河衰败。所以,南运河航运衰落是生态环境和社会因素共同演变的结果,而社会机制的演变是推动生态环境变迁的主要动力。从这一变化过程中我们可以管窥当时国家开发水资源的运行机制与人民对待生态环境的思维方式。

The South Canal is one of the most significant parts of the Grand Canal, and it still plays an important role in the regional exchange of materials after the ceasing of canal system. At the end of the 1970 s, other reaches of the Grand Canal were still navigable as before, but the South Canal suspended for the lack of enough water. There were many factors for the decline of the South Canal shipping. On the surface, the river dried up due to the deterioration of the ecological environment. Actually, over-exploitation of water resources along the canal after 1949 broke the original ecological environment balance, causing the decline of the South Canal. This paper introduces the ecological and social mechanism of water resources utilization after 1949, which once led to the decline of the South Canal. It also shows that the social mechanism was the main power of the ecological environment change. The analysis offers a glimpse of the operation mechanism of the country’s development of water resources and the people’s way of thinking about the ecological environment at that time.