秦汉时期牲畜常见疾病与医治方法考论

Research on Common Diseases and Treatment Methods of Livestock in Qin and Han Dynasties

秦汉时期,兽医学的长足性发展推动了牲畜养殖业的繁荣。与前代相比,秦汉兽医群体的规模更大,医术也更为精湛。秦汉牲畜常见疾病大致包括瘟疫、"病中""咳涕"等内科疾病和创伤、眼疾、皮肤病等外科疾病。鉴于病症的多样性和复杂性,兽医们坚持传承与创新并重、实践与理论并重、多样性与灵活性并重的原则,主要采取药物法、手术法、熏烤法及巫术法保障牲畜的生命健康。兽医数量的增加、医术的进步和医理的发展表明,秦汉兽医学已成为一门较为独立、系统的学科。

The prosperity of breeding industry on livestock in Qin and Han Dynasties was due to the developed veterinary medicine. Compared with previous generations, the scale of professional veterinarians was more massive and their leechcraft was more remarkable. Common diseases of livestock in Qin and Han dynasties included internal medicine diseases such as plague, pulmonary indisposition and cough to mucus, as well as surgical diseases including wound, eye diseases and tetter. In order to cure those difficult diseases, veterinarians in Qin and Han Dynasties adhered to the principle of paying equal attention to inheritance and innovation, diversity and flexibility, practice and theory. They adopted such methods as drugs, surgery, ultra-high temperature and witchcraft to safeguard the health of livestock. The increase of professional veterinarians and the progress of medical skills indicate that the veterinary medicine in Qin and Han Dynasties developed into a relatively independent and systematic discipline.