内蒙古自治区变应性鼻炎高发城市气传花粉及相关因素

Analysis of airborne pollens and related factors among cities with high incidence of allergic rhinitis in Inner Mongolia

目的研究内蒙古东、中、西部3个变应性鼻炎高发城市气传花粉的种类、数量、分布特征和飘散规律以及相关影响因素。方法于2017年至2019年3—10月间,应用空气抽气花粉监测法对内蒙古赤峰市、呼和浩特市、鄂尔多斯市的气传花粉进行监测,结合同期3地气象信息进行统计分析。结果3年共收集到花粉567633粒/1000 mm^(2),能鉴定到科的隶属于12个科,包括菊、榆、杨柳、禾本、桦木、松、苋、木犀、藜、柏、胡桃、豆,其中菊科可以鉴定到蒿属。每年均可监测到2个花粉含量高峰期,分别为3—4月和8—9月;每个高峰月份均有一种优势花粉占比较大,3月为榆科,4月为杨柳科,8月和9月均为蒿属。其中菊科蒿属的花粉量最高,可达到176667粒/1000 mm^(2),占花粉总量的31.12%,播散期为6—10月,高峰期为8—9月。其次是榆科花粉,达80992粒/1000 mm^(2),占全年花粉总量的14.27%,其播粉期为3—5月,高峰期为3—4月。杨柳科占第三位,花粉含量63786粒/1000 mm^(2),占全年花粉总量的11.24%,其播粉期为3—5月,高峰期为3—4月。上述3种花粉为本地区优势气传花粉,合计占全年花粉总量的56.63%。3个地区日最大风速、日平均气温与花粉浓度呈正相关(r=0.087,P=0.021;r=0.204,P<0.01),而日平均气压与花粉浓度呈负相关(r=-0.113,P<0.01)。结论内蒙古3个主要中心城市气传花粉的分布呈现春、秋季两个高峰,榆科、杨柳科花粉和蒿属花粉分别是春、秋两季最主要的气传花粉;秋季是主要花粉季节,且有明确的易致敏的草本类花粉;春季为次要花粉季节,以木本科植物花粉为主,且致敏性低。蒿属是本地区绝对优势气传花粉。气象因素与花粉浓度也有一定的相关性。本研究可为今后做好内蒙古地区的花粉预警预报,提高花粉症患者的自我防护效果提供依据。

Objective To investigate the classification,amount,characteristics of distribution and dispersal regularity of airborne pollens as well as related factors among three cities in east,middle and west of Inner Mongolia respectively.Methods Daily airborne pollen monitoring was performed by Volumetric Method from March to October,2017,2018 and 2019 in Chifeng,Hohhot and Ordos.Statistical analysis was also conducted,combining with meteorological data of three cities in same period.Results A total of 567633 pollen grains per 1000 mm^(2) were collected during three years.The pollens,which could be identified as definite families,belonged to 12 families,including COMPOSITAE,ULMACEA,SALICACEAE,POACEAE,BETULACEAE,PINACERE,AMARANTHACE,OLEACEAE,CHENOPODIACEAE,CUPRESSACEAE,JUGLANDACEAE and FABACEAE,whereas Artemisia pollen can be identified as definite genus in COMPOSITAE.There were two pollen seasons,which were March to April and August to September respectively.There was one kind of predominant pollen in each month during pollen seasons,which was ULMACEA in March,SALICACEAE in April and Artemisia in both August and September respectively.The most abundant airborne pollen was Artemisia of COMPOSITAE,with the total annual amount of 176667 grains per 1000 mm^(2),accounting for 31.12%of the total number of pollen grains in the whole year.Its'pollination period was from June to October and the peak was from August to September.The second most abundant was ULMACEA pollen,with the total annual amount of 80992 grains per 1000 mm^(2) and accounting for 14.27%.Its'pollination period was March to May and the peak was March to April.The third was SALICACEAE pollen,with the total annual amount of 63786 grains per 1000 mm^(2),accounting for 11.24%.Its'pollination period was from March to May and the peak was from March to April.These three kinds of pollens mentioned above were the predominant airborne pollens in this region,which totally accounted for 56.63%of the total number of pollen grains in the whole year.Both daily maximum wind speed and daily average temperature were positively correlated with pollen amount(r=0.087,P=0.021;r=0.204,P<0.01),whereas daily average air pressure was negatively correlated with pollen amount(r=-0.113,P<0.01).ConclusionThere were two pollen seasons in three main central cities of Inner Mongolia,one was in spring and another was in autumn.ULMACEA and SALICACEAE pollen,Artemisia pollen were the major airborne pollens in spring and summer-autumn respectively.Summer-autumn was the major pollen season and the airborne pollens were highly allergenic weed pollens.Spring was the minor pollen season and the airborne pollens were tree pollens with low allergenicity.Artemisia pollen was the absolutely predominant airborne pollen in this area.The pollen amounts were correlated with meteorological data.The results of our study could provide a basis for airborne pollen forecasting in Inner Mongolia in future and improvement of self-protection effect for hay fever patients.