浙江农村生活污水处理设施水污染物排放标准修订需求分析与建议

Analysis and suggestion on revision of discharge standard of pollutants for rural domestic sewage treatment facilities in Zhejiang

以浙江《农村生活污水处理设施水污染物排放标准》(DB33/973—2015)的修订为研究切入点,对比了现行标准与国家和浙江农村生活污水治理的管理要求,分析了浙江农村生活污水处理现状并梳理其他省(自治区、直辖市)标准情况。研究发现DB33/973—2015已不符合浙江实际情况且不能满足浙江对农村生活污水的管理需求,必须开展修订工作。对DB33/973—2015修订提出以下建议:(1)以设计处理规模5 m^(3)/d为界,将农村生活污水处理设施划分为集中处理设施和户用处理设备,并形成以集中处理设施为主的强制性排放标准和以户用处理设备为辅的推荐性排放要求共同构成的标准体系;(2)控制指标项目方面,仍保留DB33/973—2015中的粪大肠菌群指标,但按标准级别和实际管理需求进行差异化管控;对敏感水体新增TN管控指标,并列为选择性控制项目;(3)强化户用处理设备排放要求,增设COD、氨氮等污染物去除性能要求;(4)明确直接排入和间接排入的定义,以增强标准的可操作性。

Based on the revision of“Discharge standard of pollutants for rural sewage treatment facilities”(DB33/973-2015)in Zhejiang,the existing standard was compared with the national and Zhejiang rural domestic sewage treatment management requirements,the present situation of rural domestic sewage treatment in Zhejiang and the standards of other provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)were analyzed.The results showed that DB33/973-2015 was not in line with the present situation of Zhejiang,could not meet the management needs,and the revision should be carried out immediately.Furthermore,the following suggestions were proposed for the revision:(1)the rural domestic sewage treatment facilities were divided into centralized sewage treatment facilities and household treatment equipment with a treatment scale of 5 m^(3)/d as the boundary,and a new type of rural domestic sewage treatment standard system should be formed which was composed of a mandatory emission standard for centralized sewage treatment facilities and a recommended emission standard for household treatment equipment.(2)In terms of indicators,the fecal coliforms indicator in DB33/973-2015 was still retained,but differentiated management and control should be carried out according to the standard level and specific management needs;TN should be added as non-mandatory indicator for sensitive waters.(3)The discharge requirements of household treatment equipment should be strengthened and the removal performance requirements of pollutants such as COD and ammonia nitrogen should be added.(4)The definition of direct discharge and indirect discharge was clarified to enhance the implement of the standard.