马克思劳动价值论视域下“内卷化”现象探略

On the Phenomenon of“Involution”from the Perspective of Marx’s Labor Theory of Value

作为表述组织内部复杂性不断增强状态下,技术和效率并没有真正得到提升,只是徒耗社会资源的现象,“内卷化”现象已然从学术界扩展至舆论圈并呈现“泛内卷化”的态势,似乎社会上一切过度竞争现象都能用“内卷化”来阐述。揭示“内卷化”现象本质,纾解“内卷化”现象问题,对其进行科学把握是当代马克思主义理论工作者的一个重要任务。马克思劳动价值论视域下的“内卷化”现象,缘起于价值规律中的供需不平衡,它以目标转换现象、劳动竞争现象、运转循环现象、状态锁定现象四种形式得以呈现,并大致经历了简单商品生产时期的价值形式、资本主义生产时期的价值形式以及共产主义生产时期的价值形式三个阶段,其本质是商品拜物教观念下的一个价值负荷,是劳动关系颠倒后引发的人与人之间关系的异化。“内卷化”现象的本质一旦被发现,并通过劳动解放思想纾解其引发的社会问题,人们面对行业、阶层之间竞争的焦虑和无力感便会得到纾解。

As an expression of the phenomenon in which social resources are wasted but technology and efficiency are not really improved in the state of increasing complexity within the organization,the phenomenon of“involution”has expanded from the academic circle to the circle of public opinion,and presents the trend of“generalization of involution”.It seems that all phenomena of excessive competition in society can be described by“involution”.It is important tasks for contemporary Marxist theorists to reveal the essence of“involution”,to solve the problem of“involution”,and to grasp it scientifically.The phenomenon of“involution”from the perspective of Marx’s labor theory of value originates from the imbalance between supply and demand in the law of value.It is presented in four forms:the phenomenon of target transformation,the phenomenon of labor competition,the phenomenon of operation cycle and the phenomenon of state locking.It has roughly experienced three stages:the value form in the period of simple commodity production,the value form in the period of capitalist production and the value form in the period of communist production.Its essence is a value load under the concept of commodity fetishism and the alienation of interpersonal relations caused by the reversal of labor relations.Once the essence of“involution”is discovered,and the social problems caused by it are alleviated through the thought of labor liberation.People’s anxiety and weakness in the face of competition between industries and social strata will be relieved.