明清以来开远彝汉交融的文化实践

Cultural Practice of Interchanges between the Yi and the Han in Kaiyuan since the Ming and the Qing Dynasties

开远自古是多民族聚集之地,彝族历史文化悠久,中原文化对其影响颇深。明清以来,随着汉族移民入滇和汉文化的传播,开远彝汉文化并存,交流与交融,促成彝族自身较大程度的文化转型,产生了圆融型的文化。开远彝汉交融的文化实践建立在彝汉间相互文化认同的基础之上,文化认同维度是双向的:汉族认同彝族,族性可转化为彝族;彝族认同汉族,可追溯汉族先祖为自己的祖先。民俗生活当中,彝汉民间文化的相互认同更是到了水乳交融的境界,出现了交融型的节庆、庙宇、信仰习俗、歌舞艺术等等。

Kaiyuan,Honghe Prefecture has been a land of multiple ethnic groups since time immemorial. The Yi are a people of a long history whose culture has been profoundly influenced by that of the heartland. Since the Ming and Qing dynasties when an increasing Han population began migrating to Kaiyuan and the Han culture spread there,cultures of both the Yi and the Han have been coexisting and interchanging,resulting in the cultural transformation of the Yi to a considerable degree and the emergence of their rounded-assimilative culture. Based on the inter-identification of cultures of the Yi and the Han of Kaiyuan,their cultural identification dimensions are bi-directional,i.e. the Han identify with the Yi and can recognize themselves as Yi in ethnic terms on the one hand,and,on the other hand,the Yi likewise can identify with the Han and trace back to recognize the Han as their ancestors. In folk custom and daily life,cultural inter-identification between the two peoples is ubiquitous as embodied in their common festivals,temples,beliefs,custom,songs,dances and art,to name just a few.