生命历程视域下进城陪读老人的社会适应研究

Study on the Social Adaptation of the Elderly Accompanying the Students Studying in Cities from the Perspective of Life Course

老人进城陪读是县域城乡教育资源分配不均衡、农村家庭追逐优质资源以及家庭资源与角色策略性调整下的产物。由于进城陪读,老人从熟悉的农村社会脱域,嵌入陌生的城市社会。进城陪读时,老人会因城市消费模式的不同、家庭内部新的矛盾产生、居住空间与人际关系空间的改变,对"时间规训"的不适应以及陪读结果的不确定性而产生心理不适或心理压力。但是这种心理不适或心理压力不会一直持续。随着陪读时间的持续,陪读老人会调整自己的角色、生活模式以及心理状态,从而逐步地适应城市环境与生活模式。等到老年人陪读结束时,部分老人会返回农村,而有一部分老人会继续在城市生活甚至定居。对于继续留在城市的陪读老人来说,尽管他们会具有城乡二元性特征,但总体来说,他们已经较好地完成了角色与行为方式的转换,即完成了由农村到城市的身份转换与社会适应。

It is the result of the unbalanced distribution of education resources between urban and rural areas,the pursuit of high quality resources by rural families and the strategic adjustment of family resources and roles.As a result of going to the city to accompany students,the old people from the familiar rural society off the domain,embedded in the unfamiliar urban society.When accompanying students in cities,the elderly will have psychological discomfort or pressure due to different consumption patterns in cities,new contradictions within families,changes in living space and interpersonal relationship space,inadaptability to“time discipline”and uncertainty of accompanying study results.But the psychological discomfort or stress doesn’t last forever.With the duration of accompanying students,the elderly will adjust their role,life mode and psychological state,so as to gradually adapt to the urban environment and life mode.When the study with the elderly ends,some of them will return to the countryside,while some of them will continue to live or even settle down in the city.For the elderly who continue to stay in cities,although they will have the characteristics of urban and rural duality,generally speaking,they have completed the transformation of roles and behavior mode,that is,they have completed the transformation of identity and social adaptation from rural to urban.