《民法典》传统基因与民族特色的法理解析

Juristic Analysis of Traditional Genes and Ethnic Characteristics in Civil Code

我国民法典汲取了优秀传统法文化,带有鲜明的民族特色。传统法文化既形塑了民法典的独特人文精神,也对其制度建构深具启示。在精神牵引上,传统文化的德法合治影响了民法典浓厚的道德关怀,重视抽象化的人之德性价值为人格权独立成篇提供了哲理论证,传统民本精神、“法顺人情”、天人合一思想、诚信文化都有其精神传承。在民法典制度安排上,继承了传统的典章治理智慧和通过法典化增强民族认同的政治使命,“有典有册”、律例统编的传统形式启发了民法典简约的立法技术。此外,在具体制度上,传统家事法律制度深刻影响了婚姻家庭编,传统典权制度为农村土地“三权分置”进行了历史论证。民法典对民族特色的彰显并非偶然,其原因在于民法典是民族特质的法意凝练,法治发展趋势要求从法律移植到“中国之治”,通过民法典提振民族精神也具有世界经验。但传统法文化影响不能过度拔高,其诸多人文主张仅停留在观念层次,而缺乏制度建构。应对传统观念进行现代化的制度转换与批判性继承,引领新的社会文明。

The excellent traditional law culture was absorbed into the Civil Code in China withdistinctive national characteristics.Traditional law culture not only has shaped the unique humanistic spirit of the Civil Code,but also has some profound enlightenment on its system construction.In terms of spiritual traction,the combination of morality and law in traditional culture has affected the strong moral care of the Civil Code.The emphasis on abstract human value of human morality provides a philosophical evidence for the independence of personality rights.Meanwhile,the Civil Code has spiritual inheritance of traditional people-oriented spirit,"laws follow human feelings",the idea of harmony between nature and man,and the culture of honesty.In the institutional arrangement,the Civil Code has inherited the traditional wisdom of rule governance and the political mission of enhancing national identity through codification,whose simple legislative techniques was inspired by the traditional form of"codes and books"and the compilation of laws and regulations.In addition,the traditional family law system has a far-reaching impact on the marriage and family part,and the traditional system of pawn rights has made a historical argument for the"separation of the three rights"of rural land in specific systems.It is not accidental that the Civil Code has manifested our national characteristics,because the Civil Code is a condensing of the legal meaning of national characteristics,and the development trend of the rule of law requires transplantation from the law to the"rule of China",which also has world experience in boosting the national spirit through the Civil Code.However,the positive influence of traditional law culture cannot be excessively exaggerated,many of which humanistic propositions only remain the conceptual level and lack system construction.We should carry out a modernized system transformation and critical inheritance of traditional ideas,in order to promote new social civilization.