症状性大脑中动脉不同部位闭塞的临床和影像特征

Clinical and imaging features of symptomatic middle cerebral artery occlusion in different regions

目的分析单侧大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO)的脑梗死患者的临床和影像学特征,并探讨不同部位MCAO的脑梗死发病机制及出血转化的相关因素。方法选取MCAO急性脑梗死患者159例,根据闭塞部位分为近端MCAO组和远端MCAO组,比较两组临床和影像学特征,采用多因素Logistics回归分析不同部位MCAO出血转化的独立危险因素。结果近端MCAO组高血压、高脂血症比例高于远端MCAO组(P<0.05),房颤比例明显低于远端MCAO组(P<0.01);近端MCAO组病因中大动脉粥样硬化型比例高于远端MCAO组(P<0.01);远端MCAO组梗死灶累及基底节及出血转化(HT)比例高于近端MCAO组(P<0.05),多因素Logistics回归分析表明MCA闭塞部位不同、梗死灶是否累及基底节是梗死后出现出血转化的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论近端MCAO脑梗死病因以大动脉粥样硬化型多见,远端MCAO脑梗死病因以心源性栓塞多见,远端MCAO梗死灶累及基底节者易出现出血转化,可能和继发的缺血再灌注损伤相关。

Objective To analyze the clinical and imaging characteristics of cerebral infarction patients with unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO),and to explore the pathogenesis of cerebral infarction and the related factors of hemorrhage transformation in different parts of MCAO.Methods A total of 159 MCAO patients with acute cerebral infarction were divided into proximal MCAO group and distal MCAO group according to the location of occlusion.The clinical and imaging characteristics of the two groups were compared,and the independent risk factors of MCAO hemorrhagic transformation(HT)in different locations were analyzed by a multivariate logistics regression analysis method.Results The proportion of hypertension and hyperlipidemia in proximal MCAO group was higher than that in distal MCAO group(P<0.05),the proportion of atrial fibrillation was significantly lower than that of distal MCAO group(P<0.01).The proportion of atherosclerotic type in proximal MCAO group was higher than that in distal MCAO group(P<0.01).The proportion of infarction involving basal ganglia and hemorrhage transformation(HT)in distal MCAO group was higher than that in proximal MCAO group(P<0.05),binary logistic regression analysis showed that different occlusion location of MCA and whether basal ganglia was involved were independent risk factors for hemorrhage transformation after infarction(P<0.05).Conclusion Proximal MCAO cerebral infarction is mostly caused by atherosclerotic aorta,while distal MCAO cerebral infarction is mostly caused by cardiogenic embolism.Patients with distal MCAO infarction involving basal ganglia are prone to hemorrhage transformation,which may be related to reperfusion injury.