聚合物微观结构对聚合物电解质膜性能的影响

Importance of Polymeric Microstructure on Performance of Polymer Electrolyte Membranes

聚合物的微观结构是设计具有优异的电化学性能的聚合物电解质膜(PEMs)的基础。在电解质膜中,相分离结构形成的离子簇和离子通道可以影响膜在高温低湿度条件下的离子传导和水的传输,这种结构形成的形貌也可以影响膜的吸水率、溶胀度、碱稳定性等性能。近几年来,人们对于具有微观相分离形貌的PEMs的合成和形貌开展了很多研究。本文主要综述了无规共聚物、嵌段共聚物和接枝共聚物等PEMs的结构与性能的关系,包括相分离形貌和离子簇之间的关系以及相分离形貌对膜的离子传导率、稳定性等性能的影响。对聚合物的相分离形貌与膜性能的关系进行了分析和展望。

Polymeric microstructure is an important basis for the design of novel polymer electrolyte membranes(PEMs)with excellent electrochemical performance.The ionic clusters and channels formed by the phase separation structure play a critical role in PEMs,affecting ion conductivity and water transport,especially at medium temperature and low relative humidity(RH).In addition,physical properties such as water uptake,dimensional swelling and alkaline stability behavior depend strongly on polymeric morphology.Over the past few decades,much research had focused on the synthetic development and microstructural characterization of PEM materials.In this paper,the relationship between structure and properties of PEMs including random copolymers,block copolymers and graft copolymers,the relationship between phase separation and ion clusters,the effect of phase separation morphology on ionic conductivity and stability of membranes are introduced in detail.The main problems and developmental trend of phase separation morphology and membrane performance are also discussed.