微藻趋向运动及其靶向运输应用研究进展

Tactic movement of microalgae and its application in targeted transport:a review

微藻主要是指一类能进行光合自养的微生物,且很多藻株还兼具运动特性。因而将微藻与微流控芯片结合,实现精确靶向,或用于分子药物递送,在生物医学治疗和药效学分析等领域有重要的潜在应用价值,也是当今的研究热点之一。然而,目前关于微藻趋向运动的研究及潜在的应用的综述报道却相对较少。本文主要以模式微藻莱茵衣藻为例,概述基于微藻细胞趋光、趋化和趋磁等特征,实现微藻可控运动的研究进展,并对其现存的问题以及未来可能的应用方向进行了展望,为进一步利用合成生物学等前沿技术理性改造微藻,实现靶向运输和精准医疗等提供科学依据。

Microalgae are a group of photosynthetic microorganisms,which have the general characteristics of plants such as photosynthesis,and some species have the ability of movement which resembles animals.Recently,it was reported that microalgae cells can be engineered to precisely deliver medicine-particles and other goods in microfluidic chips.These studies showed great application potential in biomedical treatment and pharmacodynamic analysis,which have become one of the current research hotspots.However,these developments have been rarely reviewed.Here,we summarized the advances in manageable movement exemplified by a model microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii based on its characteristics of chemotaxis,phototaxis,and magnetotaxis.The bottlenecks and prospects in the application of microalgae-based tactic movement were also discussed.This review might be useful for rational design and modification of microalgal manageable movement to achieve targeted transport in medical and other fields.