地震安全性评价制度改革的问题与展望

Problem and Prospect of System Reform in Seismic Safety Assessment

地震安全性评价制度是地震灾害预防制度的重要组成部分,自中华人民共和国成立之初演化发展至20世纪90年代基本成形,并纳入《中华人民共和国防震减灾法》。在深化"放管服"改革中,国务院先后取消了地震安全性评价资质许可和结果审定的行政审批事项,提出施行区域评估。在建立新制度过程中,面临着审批部门须承担委托开展地震安全性评价责任、区域性地震安全性评价与地震小区划及地震区划同质化、地震安全性评价结果质量监管困难、重大建设工程"应评未评""评而未用"等问题。本文在分析地震安全性评价制度历史变迁、改革现状的基础上,提出地震安全性评价制度改革的展望,以期为地震安全性评价制度改革和《中华人民共和国防震减灾法》《地震安全性评价管理条例》修订提供参考。

Seismic safety evaluation is an important part of the earthquake disaster prevention system.It has been developing and improving since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China,and the frame is basically formed in the 1990’s and is included in the law of the People’s Republic of China on Protecting Against and Mitigating Earthquake Disasters.During the reform progress of streamline administration and delegate power,improve regulation,and upgrade services,the qualification permission,results authority and administrative approval is cancelled by the State Council,and regional assessment is stipulated to implement.During the establishment process of new system,the supervision department faces problems:homogenization of regional assessment,microzonation and zonation,difficulties in managing the results of safety assessment,existence of not conducting assessment and application of results in major construction projects which are supposed to conduct.Based on the analysis of historical progress background and reform problems of seismic safety evaluation system,advice for reconstitution of system is suggested,which would be beneficial to the system reform and revision of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Protecting Against and Mitigating Earthquake Disasters and the earthquake safety assessment regulations.