朗道团队与苏联核计划

The Landau Team and Soviet Nuclear Program

苏联核计划档案材料解密之后,朗道团队参与苏联核计划的秘密也随之浮出水面。朗道这位物理学界泰斗带领自己的团队解决了多项科研难题,在苏联核计划实施的各个阶段发挥着不可替代的作用。利用朗道创建的公式,苏联成功分离了氘和铀-235,为核武器研发提供了裂变材料,其后朗道公式在苏联核武器研制中得到广泛使用。朗道团队创建和发展了核反应堆理论,推动了苏联工业核反应堆的建立。朗道团队完成了冲击波和爆炸波研究,提出通过爆炸压缩核装药达到超临界状态的想法和原子弹内爆原理。在朗道的领导下,其团队完成了原子弹爆炸有效因数和释能的计算工作,并在氢弹的研发工作中做出了杰出贡献。

After the declassification of the archives of the Soviet nuclear program,the secret of the participation of the Lev Landau team into it had been revealed.Leading his team to solve numerous scientific research problems,this physics giant played an irreplaceable role in all stages of the Soviet nuclear program.Using the formula created by Landau,the Soviet Union successfully separated deuterium and uranium-235 to provide fissile materials for nuclear weapons research.Since then,Landau’s formula has been widely used in the development of Soviet nuclear weapons for years.Creating and developing the theory of nuclear reactors,the Landau team promoted the establishment of industrial nuclear reactors in the Soviet Union,completed the study of shock waves and explosion waves,proposed the idea of reaching a supercritical state through explosive compression of nuclear charges and established the principle of atomic bomb implosion.This team completed the calculation of the effective factor and energy release of the atomic bomb as well,and made outstanding contributions to the research of the hydrogen bomb.