新见女性册命金文[女受]鼎及相关史实考论

Newly Issued Shouding([女受]鼎) about Women Appointment in Inscription on Bronze and Some Related Historical Facts

新近刊布的[女受]鼎是一篇稀见的女性册命金文,其内容主要记载了西周时期两名女性贵族之间的一次改命,属于罕见的周代贵族女性职务性册命金文。与一般册命铭文书写不同的是,[女受]鼎中不见册命地点、史官、右者等册命礼仪的记载,更在篇首多出"退事于内宫"的特殊句式。[女受]鼎相关铭文特点不仅是早期册命金文的时代共性,也是女性贵族受命特殊性的反映。而"退事于内宫"句来源于铭辞中贵族女性"妫"对"[女受]"的褒奖之辞,妫称赞[女受]"唯汝聿型",即[女受]较好地效法了其先人的德行,[女受]因此在铭文篇首特意强调其在内宫之旧职。不唯如此,[女受]鼎的铭文书写还为周代贵族女性职务性册命提供了佐证,是一篇弥足珍贵的西周册命金文,具有重要的史料价值。

The newly issued Shouding([女受]鼎)is a piece of inscription on bronze concerning the official position appointment of women.Its text mainly recorded a change of appointment between two noble women in Western Zhou Dynasty,which is a scarce example about women’s appointment in Western Zhou.Being different from the general writing of appointment in inscription bronze,there are no records of rituals of nomination in Shouding,such as the conferring site,historiographer and Youzhe(右者).At the beginning of the piece,there is a special sentence stating that“resigning from the imperial harem”.The characteristics of Shouding inscriptions are not only the common features of the early appointment bronze text of the times,but also the reflection of the particularity of the female nobles’accepting appointment.“Resigning from the imperial harem”derived from noble woman Gui’s(妫)words of praise for Shou([女受])in inscription on bronze.Gui praised Shou for her imitating the moral excellence of ancestors,therefore,Shou highlighted her old post in the harem at the beginning of the piece.The writing format of Shouding provided evidence for the position appointment of noble women in the Zhou Dynasty,which has important historical value.