离子型稀土矿开采污染防治

Contamination Prevention & Control for Ion-adsorbed Rare Earth Deposit Mining

南方离子型稀土矿的开采工艺经历了池浸、堆浸工艺的沿革,目前采用原地浸矿工艺。原地浸矿开采工艺具有不破坏地表植物、不产生尾渣等优势,但仍存在滑坡、地表水和浅层地下水污染等隐患。在分析原地浸矿机理和工艺流程的基础上,介绍离子型稀土开采设计阶段、施工阶段、生产阶段、生产后期的污染防治和环境保护管理措施要点。实践证明,通过采取合理的污染防治措施,离子型稀土矿的原地浸矿开采对矿区及周边地区的地表水、地下水、土壤等生态环境的扰动在可控范围内,可实现离子型稀土矿山的绿色发展。

The mining technology of southern ionic rare earth ore has experienced the evolution of pool leaching and heap leaching,and the in-situ leaching technology is currently used.In-situ leaching mining technology has the advantages of not damaging surface plants and producing tailings,but there are still risks such as landslides,pollution of surface water and shallow groundwater.Based on the analysis of in-situ leaching mechanism and process flow,the key points of pollution prevention and environmental protection management in the design stage,construction stage,production stage and later production stage of ionic rare earth mining were introduced.Practice has proved that by taking reasonable pollution prevention and control measures,the disturbance of the mining of ionic rare earth mines on the surface water,groundwater,soil and other ecological environment in the mining area and surrounding areas is controllable,and the green development of ionic rare earth mines is realized.