不同地域香果树群落的区系差异

Floristic Difference of Emmenopterys henryi Oliv.Community in Different Regions

选取江西三清山、浙江古田山、湖南大围山、江苏溧阳、河南桐柏山、湖北九宫山和安徽天堂寨7个样地香果树群落,分析香果树群落的种类组成、地理成分、区系相似性,探讨不同地域条件对香果树群落区系的影响。结果表明:(1)不同地域的香果树群落的种类组成差异明显,三清山优势种有香果树、拟赤杨、华桑、山桐子和浙江大青;古田山优势种有香果树、杉木、红楠、台湾松、细叶青冈;大围山优势种有香果树、伯乐树、樱桃、臭椿;溧阳优势种有香果树、毛竹、紫楠、梧桐、响叶杨;桐柏山优势种有香果树、北枳棋、盐夫木、大叶朴、山樱桃;九宫山优势种有香果树、桢楠、尾叶山茶、新木姜子、黑壳楠、红椿;天堂寨优势种有香果树、天目槭和蜡瓣花。生活型差异较明显,大围山和溧阳5个类型都有;三清山缺乏一年生植物;桐柏山缺乏地上芽植物;天堂寨缺乏稳芽植物;古田山和九宫山缺乏稳芽植物和一年生植物。香果树在九宫山和桐柏山有少许幼苗,其他山地幼苗缺乏,不利于自然更新。(2)地理成分有一定的差异。三清山、大围山、溧阳和桐柏山温带成分高于热带成分。古田山、九宫山和天堂寨热带成分高于温带成分。三清山、大围山和桐柏山以北温带分布为主。古田山和溧阳以泛热带分布为主。九宫山以热带亚洲分布为主。天堂寨以泛热带分布、北温带分布和东亚分布最多。地理成分与区系丰富度、取样面积的大小不一定有直接的相关性,可能与纬度、海拔及人为干扰存在一定关系。(3)通过区系相似性分析,科相似性系数最大,种相似性系数最小,说明物种分布与小气候、小地貌等生境条件密切相关。科成分是大围山与桐柏山最相似,九宫山与大围山相似性最小。属成分是桐柏山与天堂寨最相似,三清山与天堂寨差异最大。种成分是大围山与桐柏山最密切,古田山与九宫山和天堂寨最疏远。

Emmenopterys henryi Oliv.communities of seven sample areas were selected from Sanqingshan Mountain in Jiangxi Province,Gutianshan Mountain in Zhejiang Province,Daweishan Mountain in Hunan Province,Liyang in Jiangsu Province,Tongbaishan Mountain in Henan Province,Jiugongshan Mountain in Hubei Province and Tiantangzhai in Anhui Province.According to the analysis of the species composition,geographical elements,floristic similarity relations in different regional conditions,the influences of different habitats to floral element of E.henryi communities are discussed.The results are as follows:(1)The species composition of E.henryi communities have obvious differences in different regional conditions.The dominant species of E.henryi community in Sanqingshan Mountain are Emmenopterys henryi,Alniphyllum fortunei,Modus cathayana,Idesia polycarpa,Clerodendrum kaichianum;the dominant species of E.henryi community in Gutianshan Mountain are Emmenopterys henryi,Cunninghamia lanceolata,Machilus thunbergii,Pinus taiwanensis,Cyclobalanopsis gracilis;the dominant species of E.henryi community in Daweishan Mountain are Emmenopterys henryi,Bretschneidera sinensis,Prunus pseudocerasus,Ailanthus altissima;the dominant species of E.henryi community in Liyang are Emmenopterys henryi,Phyllostachys heterocycla,Phoebe sheareri,Firmiana platanifolia,Populus adenopoda;the dominant species of E.henryi community in Tongbaishan Mountain are Emmenopterys henryi,Hovenia dulcis,Rhus chinensis,Celtis koraiensis,Prunus serrulata;the dominant species of E.henryi community in Jiugongshan Mountain are Emmenopterys henryi,Phoebe zhennan,Camellia caudata,Neolitsea aurata,Lindera megaphylla,Toona ciliata;and the dominant species of the Emmenopterys henryi community in Tiantangzhai are Emmenopterys henryi,Acer sinopurpurascens,Corylopsis sinensis.Life-forms have more obvious differences in different regional conditions.There are 5 forms in Daweishan and Liyang,lack of annual in Sanqingshan Mountain,lack of chamaephytes in Tongbaishan Mountain,lack of cryptophyte in Tiantangzhai,lack of cryptophyte and annual in Gutianshan and Jiugongshan Mountain.E.henryi goes against its natural regeneration because of the rare seedlings in Tongbaishan Mountain and Jiugongshan Mountain,and the lack of its seedlings in other mountains.(2)The geographical elements have certain differences across the seven sites.The temperate genera of vascular plants are higher than that of tropical genera in Sanqingshan Mountain,Daweishan Mountain,Liyang and Tongbaishan Mountain.The tropical genera of vascular plants are higher than that of temperate genera in Gutianshan Mountain,Jiugongshan Mountain and Tiantangzhai.Sanqingshan Mountain,Daweishan Mountain and Tongbaishan Mountain are mainly distributed in the north temperate zone.Gutianshan Mountain and Liyang are mainly distributed in pan-tropic.Jiugongshan Mountain is mainly distributed in tropical Asia.Tiantangzhai is mainly distributed in pan-tropic,north temperate and east Asia.It seems unlikely that a direct correlation may exist among geographical element,floristic element and sample area size.However,it may well be that geographical element has a close relationship with latitude,altitude and human interference.(3)The floristic similarity coefficient was the highest at the level of families,while it was the lowest at the level of species across the seven sites,which indicates that species distribution be closely related to microclimate and microtopography.The floristic similarity coefficient was the highest at the level of families between Daweishan and Tongbaishan Mountain,while it was the lowest between Jiugongshan and Daweishan Mountain.The floristic similarity coefficient was the highest at the level of genera between Tongbaishan Mountain and Tiantangzhai,while it was the lowest between Sanqingshan Mountain and Tiantangzhai.The floristic similarity coefficient was the highest at the level of species between Daweishan and Tongbaishan Mountain,while it was the lowest between Gutianshan Mountain and Jiugongshan Mountain or Tiantangzhai.