基于成本距离的铁路客运站交通可达性空间特征研究——以甘肃省为例

Research on Spatial Characteristic of Railway Passenger Station Accessibility Based on Cost Distance——A Case of Gansu Province

基于铁路、公路、土地利用、坡度、地形起伏度数据构建的成本栅格,以甘肃省铁路客运站为研究对象,采用成本距离法分析了交通可达性的空间特征。结果表明:(1)铁路客运站交通可达性以站场为中心呈放射状分布,甘肃中部及嘉峪关市以东地区的可达性较好;(2)可达性时间分布频率表现出先上升后下降的趋势,全省可达时间集中在1h~5h,峰值在3h,出行居民到达铁路客运站的平均时间成本为4.37h;(3)1h等时圈由西向东沿“敦煌—瓜州—玉门—嘉峪关—张掖—武威—兰州—定西—天水”的走向,临夏州、甘南州、庆阳市居民乘坐火车出行的时间成本很高;(4)地级市铁路直通效益不明显,天水市、定西市的交通现状数据反映出其具备打造区域交通枢纽的基础条件;甘肃与相邻省的交通现状不利于物资、人员的充分流动,应进一步改善。

Using cost raster data created by railway data,road data,land use data,slope data and relief data,the paper makes a study on spatial characteristic of railway passenger station accessibility in Gansu Province through cost distance method.The results are as follows:(1)Railway passenger station accessibility orientates radially from the station central part,and accessibility of Gansu middle zone and east region of Jiayuguan City is better.(2)Distribution frequency of accessibility time shows the tendency of increasing firstly and then decreasing.Accessibility time mainly distributes from 1 hour to 5 hours.Time distribution peak is 3 hours.Average time cost spent by residents on visiting railway passenger station is 4.37 hours.(3)1 hour isotime circle appears along the city of Dunhuang,Guazhou,Yumen,Jiayuguan,Zhangye,Wuwei,Lanzhou,Dingxi and Tianshui.Time cost spent by residents of Linxia State,Gannan State and Qingyang City is very high.(4)The benefit of direct railway in prefecture-level cities is not obvious.The data of the traffic status of Tianshui City and Dingxi City reflects that they have the basic conditions to build regional transportation hubs.The current traffic situation between Gansu and its neighboring provinces is not conducive to the full flow of materials and personnel,which should be further improved.